微波电子产品贮存状态的SSADT评估方法

针对在贮存期内具有长寿命、高可靠性特点的系统级微波电子产品,为了快速评估其贮存寿命与可靠性指标,提出了使用步进应力加速退化试验(SSADT,Step Stress Accelerated Degradation Testig)的试验方法.首先给出SSADT的基本假设.基于该产品的故障模式影响及危害性分析和故障树分析结果,为该产品确定了加速模型.并结合线性漂移布朗运动的首达时(first passage time)分布服从逆高斯分布的特点,建立了SSADT的可靠性评估模型.其次,根据线性漂移布朗运动的独立增量性,给出了可靠性评估模型参数的极大似然法和最小二乘法相结合的评估方法.为了剔除试验中为检测产品性能而引入的通断电对产品贮存寿命与可靠性评估带来的影响,在借鉴可靠性相关标准的基础上,提出了通断电因子退化率折合方法,并得到了线性漂移布朗运动的通断电折合公式.最终的实例证明,采用提出的贮存寿命与可靠性方法能够得到合理的评估结果,从而验证了该方法的正确性.      

基于SSI模型的加速应力试验定量评估方法

为了解决传统应力-强度干涉模型(SSI,Stress-Strength Interference)不能对加速应力试验(AST,Accelerated Stress Testing)进行可靠性指标随时间变化的定量评估问题,针对应力和强度均引入了随机过程进行描述.首先假设了产品强度退化过程和应力变化分别为漂移布朗运动和对称布朗运动.其次,为了解决Basu的布朗运动SSI模型在零时刻可靠度为1的问题,从工程角度,假设产品设计制造过程与试验或使用过程相互独立,提出了产品可靠性是设计生产决定的固有可靠性以及试验使用过程确定的使用可靠性的串联结果.通过将传统应力强度干涉模型结合Basu的布朗运动SSI模型,建立了与时间相关的应力强度干涉模型IMSDⅠ,并给出了相关评估方法.基于将加速应力试验与加速退化试验相结合,改进了已有的AST试验方法,扩大了试验数据量,最后,通过仿真算例验证了本文模型和评估方法的理论正确性和工程可实施性.      

无筒空射运载火箭重力出舱机箭耦合动力学

研究了以运输机为平台的内装式空射运载火箭重力出舱载机-火箭两体动力学。根据火箭受力条件和相对运动自由度,将其出舱运动顺次分为5个阶段。给出了各阶段过渡的力学条件,基于牛顿-欧拉法分别建立了前4个阶段的机-箭两体动力学模型。定义了火箭出舱过程可能发生危险的多种异常情况,给出了发生异常的力学或几何条件。然后对火箭出舱全程作了数值仿真。若发射初始条件合理,仿真将顺次经历前4个或3个正常阶段,直至火箭离舱。如果异常情况的条件满足,火箭出舱将发生危险,仿真失去意义,故中止,需要调整发射初始条件后进一步仿真验证。本文给出的系统动力学模型和仿真数据可为工程部门设计空射型火箭的本体参数,以及设置空射初始条件提供参考。     

空间平台发射拦截器动力学与最优脉冲拦截

研究了空间平台发射拦截器的两体耦合动力学,以及拦截器拦截目标星的最优脉冲控制问题。平台首先与目标星形成绕飞关系,保持其发射筒轴线始终瞄准目标星。接到发射指令后,拦截器从发射筒中射出,本文采用拉格朗日第二类方程建立了发射过程平台-拦截器两体动力学模型。因为两体耦合影响,平台姿态偏转,拦截器出筒时的速度已经不能瞄准目标星。通过小型火箭发动机给其施加速度脉冲,使其进入拦截轨道,保证拦截的同时,将脉冲速度最小化以节省燃料,本文将其归结为一个非线性规划问题,采用三级优化的策略来求解。在拦截飞行时间相较于平台绕飞目标星的周期是小量的条件下,可以视绕飞平均角速度为小参数,采用正则摄动方法求出非线性规划的一阶近似解,然后以此为迭代初值,寻找最优真解。最后进行了数值仿真验证。     

激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化球化的影响

为研究激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化熔池流动的影响,基于离散单元法建立了选区激光熔化铺粉模型,采用粒径分布与实验相符的马氏体时效钢粉末分别铺展到平坦底面和增材底面上,将计算获得的粉末分布导入到基于有限体积法建立的选区激光熔化熔池计算流体力学模型中,研究激光功率和基板底面粗糙度对熔池流动和熔道表面形貌的影响。采用激光单道扫描实验验证铺粉模型和选区激光熔化模型。结果表明：随着激光功率的降低,单位长度的球化数量增加;由于增材底面使熔池润湿性变差,同时又对熔池流动行为产生扰动,使得增材粗糙底面上熔道的球化数量增加。选区激光熔化铺粉模拟及激光单道扫描模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。本研究可为选区激光熔化工艺中工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。     

一种开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制效率优化策略

针对开关磁阻电机(SRM)的简化磁链法只能实现单相导通运行且导通区间固定的缺点,提出了一种结合固定关断角和自适应调节开通角的无位置传感器控制技术。利用曲线拟合关断位置磁链取代传统存储数据表,通过对比实时计算的动态磁链和曲线拟合的静态磁链,确定关断位置信号并估计转速和其他位置。考虑电机阻抗和电感的非线性特点,优化电感最小区域的开通角自调节模型确定导通区间。仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性和正确性,能够实现转子位置的间接检测,电机的运行效率得到进一步优化。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

气喷嘴和声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响

为了掌握气喷嘴和声腔对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律以及解释声学实验中出现的切向频率分化现象的内在机理,采用声学有限元方法(FEM)并在单喷嘴声学模拟实验验证的基础上,从固有频率和声压分布角度分析了气喷嘴长度、声腔长度和节流嘴直径对燃烧室声学特性的影响规律,利用声压分布成功地解释了实验中出现的频率分化现象。结果表明:当燃烧室某阶切向振型频率与喷嘴1阶纵向振型频率相等时,喷嘴由于共振将切向振型声压幅值极值点附近的能量转移到喷嘴中,改变了燃烧室原切向振型的声压分布,因此在声学实验中产生切向频率分化现象;气喷嘴长度与节流嘴直径之间存在着耦合关系,在液氧煤油补燃发动机喷嘴设计阶段可进行组合参数匹配优化。      

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

加压预处理对软质聚酰亚胺泡沫力学性能的影响

为解决软质聚酰亚胺泡沫初始状态力学性能的不稳定性,采用Solimide~?AC-550聚酰亚胺泡沫分别进行不同加压方式及加压压力的预压处理,并对预压处理的试样进行拉伸和压缩性能测试。结果表明:负压预处理对该泡沫所造成的力学性能损伤比正压更大;且在+4 kPa预处理时,可使得该泡沫获得相对稳定的力学性能,满足工程应用的需求。