基于波段选择的RX改进算法

针对高光谱检测亚像元飞机的问题,提出基于大气吸收谱段的改进RX异常检测算法,实现亚像元检测能力和检测效率的提升.阐述了改进算法的基本原理,对比了10 km高度和地面大气吸收系数的曲线差异,建立了改进算法的检测模型,采用仿真的客用飞机可见-短波高光谱数据和海水背景高光谱数据,获得了信噪比10 dB的高光谱仿真图像.采用经...     

运载火箭起飞噪声环境缩比模型试验方法

基于相似理论建立缩比模型试验相似准则,提出了火箭发动机喷流声场试验预示方法的流程。通过缩比模型系留点火试验,根据几何相似、喷流参数相似、发射环境相似来预示起飞噪声环境,在国内首次给出了运载火箭表面的噪声环境的空间相关特性,结果表明预测结果与遥测数据之差小于1.5 dB,校验了缩比模型方法的有效性。缩比模型方法对于我国新一代运载火箭的起飞噪声环境预示、噪声载荷设计、地面试验具有重要意义。     

ZnO/SBA-15无机热控涂层填料及涂层性能

开展高紫外-可见-近红外反射能力热控填料的制备,研制新型低吸收比(α_S)高发射率(ε_H)无机热控涂层。以自制SBA-15和ZnO前驱体为原料通过溶剂热浸渍和高温煅烧法制备ZnO/SBA-15填料,然后与硅酸钾(K_2SiO_3)制备无机热控涂层;采用SAXD、XRD、SEM、太阳反射光谱分析填料和涂层的性能。结果显示采用硝酸锌作为前驱体、m(ZnO)∶m(SBA-15)=3∶7、950℃下烧结3 h可以得到高紫外-可见-近红外反射能力的填料;ZnO/SBA-15/K_2SiO_3无机涂层的α_S为0.09,ε_H为0.91,涂层结合力等级为1级,经过100次-196～100℃热循环实验后,涂层无脱落和开裂现象。SBA-15改性ZnO可以获得具有高紫外反射率和低α_S的热控填料,ZnO/SBA-15填料制备的无机热控涂层同样具备高紫外反射率、低α_S和高ε_H,可以满足航天器高效散热的需求,应用前景良好。     

高超声速流场对自由流扰动波响应及边界层扰动波演化

采用高阶精度有限差分方法直接数值模拟了来流慢声波作用下的钝锥高超声速绕流瞬态流场,分析了自由流扰动波与流场的相互干扰,并应用Fourier频谱分析了边界层扰动波时域和空域演化.结果显示:弓形激波出现连续的“∽”变形,初始扰动被显著放大,边界层内外扰动模态存在明显差别.从空域(沿流线)演化来看,在球头附近低频扰动为主导模态,出了球头区,总扰动模态中的低频和高频成分比例迅速转变,高频模态成分显著地增大.至流场下游,大部分低频分量衰减,或者不再增长,边界层内仅存在特殊频率的不稳定波快速增长.从时域演化来看,比起其他模态,主导模态的发展对上游激励的依赖更大.无论时域还是空域演化,都存在模态竞争现象.      

单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能特性分析

碳纳米管的优异力学特性使其在冲击能量吸收方面存在潜在的应用前景,但纳米尺度的冲击验证实验却难以实现.应用分子结构力学、冲击动力学和纳米尺度有限元相结合的方法,研究了单壁碳纳米管受轴向冲击的吸能特性.使用ANSYS中APDL编程语言,建立了单壁碳纳米管的空间结构参数化模型;同时,采用修正的Morse原子势函数拟合了C-C共价键的本构方程.按照最大失效应变作为共价键断裂的判据,对比了长度、直径和手性对单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能的影响.结果表明:采用这种仿真方法可以动态呈现碳纳米管断裂的全过程,且能够证实单壁碳纳米管的比吸能远高于其他材质类似管状结构,其中,锯齿型碳纳米管的吸能特性又好于扶手椅型.      

Full-scale crash test and FEM simulation of a crashworthy helicopter seat

Crashworthy seat structure with considerable energy absorption capacity is a key component for aircraft to improve its crashworthiness and occupant survivability in emergencies.According to Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulations,seat performance must be certified by dynamic crash test which is quite expensive and time-consuming.For this reason,numerical simulation is a more efficient and economical approach to provide the possibility to assess seat performances and predict occupant responses.A numerical simulation of the crashworthy seat structure was presented and the results were also compared with the full-scale crash test data.In the numerical simulation,a full-scale three-dimensional finite element model of the seat/occupant structure was developed using a nonlinear and explicit dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA3D.Emphasis of the numerical simulation was on predicting the dynamic response of seat/occupant system,including the occupant motion which may lead to injuries,the occupant acceleration-time histories,and the energy absorbing behavior of the energy absorbers.The agreement between the simulation and the physical test suggestes that the developed numerical simulation can be a feasible substitute for the dynamic crash test.      

Comparison of Antarctic riometer radio wave absorption and THEMIS mission energetic electron fluxes

Simultaneous observations of in situ plasma properties in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere and of ground based instruments, lying on the same geomagnetic field lines, have recently proved to yield significant new results. In most cases magnetosphere ionosphere interactions during the night-time northern hemisphere conditions are studied. Here, observations of energetic electrons in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere made by the THEMIS mission satellites are compared with auroral radio wave absorption determined by riometers in the Antarctic for sunlit conditions. Days for which satellites and riometers are connected by the same geomagnetic field line are selected using a geomagnetic field model. The six days analysed show clear associations between fluxes and absorptions in some cases. However, these do not necessarily correspond to conjugacy intervals. Hours of positive associations are 1.65 times those for negative associations, all hours and days considered (1.42–3.6 on five days and 0.58 on the other day). These computations are assumed appropriate since the footprints of the satellites used approximately follow corrected geomagnetic parallels for all six days studied. The use of a finer parameterization of geomagnetic models to determine conjugacy may be needed.     

单壁碳纳米管低能区光吸收性质

采用半经验方法,通过紧束缚理论建立一维近似模型,研究了单壁碳纳米管的态密度,解释了单壁碳纳米管光吸收谱低能阶段出现的3个吸收峰的形成原因。     

直升机气动噪声研究进展

对直升机气动噪声的研究进展进行了综述,内容包括试验技术、理论分析方法和噪声抑制技术。声学风洞试验是直升机气动噪声研究的基本手段,其中非定常载荷测试、流场显示和声源定位等先进测试技术已实现应用;飞行试验在直升机噪声适航标准完善和噪声控制技术研究等方面已成为必不可少的研究和验证手段。直升机气动噪声的理论体系不断完善,包括声类比法、Kirchhoff/CFD 混合法等旋翼气动噪声分析方法都已形成分析程序,成为直升机研发的有效工具。直升机气动噪声的抑制仍然以旋翼桨尖设计为主,飞行轨迹优化、旋翼噪声主动控制等新技术已实现飞行验证,但尚未进行型号应用。在用户和市场需求的推动下,在新型直升机的研发中,引入气动噪声的抑制技术将是必然的发展趋势。