直升机机内PWM照明调光系统产生音频干扰问题的研究

在直升机机内照明调光领域，国外军机已广泛采用脉冲宽度调制（PWM）调光方式。PWM调光方式相比传统线性调光方式具有以下明显优点：效率高，调光范围宽，功耗小，带载能力强，附加损耗小等。但PWM调光系统的不足是电磁辐射，尤其会对机内通话系统产生音频干扰，在机通耳机中会出现明显干扰声，影响机内通话质量。本方案能有效抑制PWM...     

A multi-epoch study of the C IV absorption variability in the broad absorption line quasar APM 08279+5255

Broad absorption line (BAL) variability potentially represents a powerful tool to investigate the physical nature and the structure of gas outflows in active galactic nuclei. Most existing BAL variability studies rely on observations taken at a few epochs for samples of tens of BAL QSOs. In this study we present the first “monitoring” of a single object, APM 08279+5255, which has been observed more than 20 times since 2003. All available spectra from the literature have also been analysed, including two high resolution spectra, extending the time interval from 1998 to 2012. A relative stability of the shape of the absorption profile is found. At the same time significant variations of the equivalent width are observed. A correlation of the BAL equivalent width with the QSO luminosity is found for the first time. These results suggest that changes in the ionisation state of the gas are causing opacity changes.     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

声激励喷流流动的实验研究

本文就喷管上游加入“声激振”对喷流流动特性的影响进行了机理性实验研究,得出在不同声激振参数和喷流工况条件下的喷流参数变化规律及相应的流动显示图象。实验结果表明,一定的声激振能量可引起喷流核心区长度缩短,掺混宽度增加,并对外界空气增大引射掺混。      

The Ice Survey Opportunity of ISO

The instruments on board the Infrared Space Observatory have for the first time allowed a complete low (PHOT, CVF) to medium resolution (SWS) spectroscopic harvest, from 2.5 to 45 μm, of interstellar dust. Amongst the detected solids present in starless molecular clouds surrounding recently born stellar and still embedded objects or products of the chemistry in some mass loss envelopes, the so-called “ice mantles” are of specific interest. They represent an interface between the very refractory carbonaceous and silicates materials that built the first grains with the rich chemistry taking place in the gas phase. Molecules condense, react on ices, are subjected to UV and cosmic ray irradiation at low temperatures, participating efficiently to the evolution toward more complex molecules, being in constant interaction in an ice layer. They also play an important role in the radiative transfer of molecular clouds and strongly affect the gas phase chemistry. ISO results shed light on many other species than H₂O ice. The detection of these van der Waal's solids is mainly performed in absorption. Each ice feature observed by ISO spectrometer is an important species, with abundance in the 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁷ range with respect to H₂. Such high abundances represent a substantial reservoir of matter that, once released later on, replenishes the gas phase and feeds the ladder of molecular complexity. Medium resolution spectroscopy also offers the opportunity to look at individual line profiles of the ice features, and therefore to progressively reveal the interactions taking place in the mantles. This article will give a view on selected results to avoid to overlap with the numerous reviews the reader is invited to consult (e.g. van Dishoeck, in press; Gibb et al., 2004.). Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

Carbon-Epoxy圆管件的静态吸能特征

Carbon/Epoxy复合材料可以用作理想的吸能材料。为了考察材料体系对结构吸能性能的影响,对一系列Carbon/Epoxy圆管件进行了静态吸能性能试验。试验结果表明,在基体种类相同的条件下,结构的压溃失效模式有很大的区别。材料的吸能性能不仅同材料性能关系密切,而且也受材料纤维方式影响。     

基于声阵列信号的风扇喘振先兆特征识别

提出了一种基于麦克风声阵列信号的航空发动机风扇喘振先兆特征识别方法,有效避免了传统侵入式传感器在测量过程中对管道流场产生的外来干扰.开展多级风扇试验器由稳定旋转至喘振的瞬态测试试验,利用短时傅里叶分析、频谱分析和声模态分解的方法,对喘振先兆特征实现了辨识.结果表明:风扇在进入喘振前有非同步共振频率的强烈单音噪声,约为叶...     

基于声波传播时间估计的气流速度测量方法

 为实现对亚声速和超声速气流速度的统一测量,提出了一种基于声传感器的新型测量方法。首先,根据声波在亚声速和超声速气流中的传播特性,利用特定的测量装置建立了声波传播时间与气流速度之间的数学模型,从而将气流速度的测量问题转化为声波传播时间的测量问题。然后,在此基础上,利用计时法和最大似然估计(MLE)方法来估计声波传播时间;其中,计时法在实时性上优势明显,而MLE方法则在可靠性上优于前者。最后,分别从阵元位置扰动性、计时误差和克拉美-罗界(CRB)3个方面对所提算法的性能进行了分析与仿真验证。结果表明,该算法能够实现对亚声速和超声速气流速度的精确测量。     

一种改进的声反卷积相关声源定位方法

基于传声器阵列的声源定位算法的性能优劣决定了气动噪声试验检测中气动噪声源定位成像的准确性。为了提高相关声源定位方法的稳健性和准确性,提出一种改进的声反卷积相关声源定位方法——D-MACS（Developed-Mapping of Acoustic Correlated Sources）方法。该方法的特点是：在传统MACS方法的基础上,将声反卷积模型进行改进,使模型体现出声场空间扫描点声压互谱矩阵与互谱波束形成输出矩阵之间的数学关系,其最终获得的声源定位结果,能够提高MACS方法声源定位辨识的稳健性和准确性。通过仿真信号研究和声学风洞环境中的声源定位试验研究,比较了DAS（Delay And Sum beamformming）、DAMAS-C（Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Correlated Sources）、MACS和D-MACS这4种方法的声源定位性能,验证了D-MACS方法在声源定位性能上的优势。     

声发射监测钻头折断的实验研究

 金属切削过程中会发出声讯号。用声发射技术监测刀具破损是一个很有潜力的新方法。本文研究了声发射技术在钻头折断在线监测中的应用。实验结果表明,所设计的实验监测系统能可靠地监测钻头的折断,并可提前预报直径大于1.5mm钻头的折断。