Unmanned aerial vehicle strike on a flat plate: Tests and numerical simulations

The incursion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into airports often occurs due to the popularity of drones, which may lead to a threat to aircraft flight safety. Therefore, estimating the dynamic impact load caused by drone strikes is essential. This paper proposes a test method with high precision and low cost involving launching of a UAV to impact a flat plate specimen by using an air gun. The test results of UAVs impacting flat plates at different impact velocities, such as the UAV damage deformation captured by a high-speed camera and strain vs time dynamic response curves of plates, were obtained and analysed. At the same time, a corresponding numerical simulation was carried out by using the explicit finite element software LS-DYNA. The predicted damage to the UAV and strain on the flat plate during the strike process were compared with the test results. The overall trend of the simulation results is in good agreement with the test results, at least for the first three milliseconds of the event. This shows that the numerical simulation model established in this paper is reasonable. The UAV numerical method established in the present paper can be used to carry out numerical simulations and evaluations of the collision safety of UAVs against large aircraft and high-value ground targets. The results show that the local deformation of the impacted target is uneven due to the distribution of concentrated mass components such as motors, battery, and camera. As the impact velocity of the UAV increases, all parts of the UAV are seriously damaged and basically in a fragmented state, and the battery is greatly deformed. The interaction between the UAV and the flat plate specimen is approximately 2.7 ms, and the UAV numerical simulation model established in this paper can well simulate the real UAV impact process.     

涡轮叶片耦合疲劳寿命预测与试验验证

为了解决涡轮转子叶片在温度、离心力和气动/噪声联合载荷作用下的疲劳强度问题,开展了高低周复合载荷谱分解方法和基于高低周载荷的全时域蠕变损伤累积模型研究,提出了同时考虑蠕变损伤、低周疲劳损伤和高周疲劳损伤的耦合疲劳寿命预测方法。同时,通过正交载荷解耦和耦合载荷协调加载控制等关键技术的应用,开发了高温环境下的高低周复合疲劳试验平台。最终,基于设计的涡轮叶片模拟件,完成了耦合疲劳寿命预测和试验验证。结果表明:模拟试件的耦合疲劳寿命试验结果分散系数为1.01,耦合疲劳寿命的预测结果与试验结果偏差小于24%,从而验证了疲劳寿命预测模型的正确性,为我国航空发动机热端部件的疲劳强度设计和验证提供了有效的技术途径。      

改进的 YOLOv4在飞机蒙皮损伤检测中的应用

针对飞机蒙皮检测中存在的小目标检测欠佳、漏检等问题,提出了 1种基于增强特征融合和 ATSS的 YO. LOv4飞机蒙皮图像目标检测算法。首先,增加用于目标预测的大尺度浅层特征层,以提高模型对小目标的检测效果;其次,增加特征融合网络层数,通过浅层与深层特征层的深度融合,丰富多尺度特征图中的特征信息;然后,通过 K-means++聚类算法对数据集的真实框聚类,获得更具代表性的先验框尺寸,以提高预测框对目标的定位准确度;最后,引入 ATSS对 YOLOv4的样本选择策略进行优化,通过自适应获取最优的 IoU阈值,实现正负样本自动划分,提升模型的检测性能。实验表明,在增加少量计算成本的情况下,算法的检测性能得到有效提升,mAP提升 7.7%,检 测的准确率达到 80%以上。     

交变载荷下金属材料的损伤描述

为恰当描述介质的损伤状态,本文针对金属材料在交变载荷作用下其刚度不断下降的事实,建立了对于该现象的数学表达式,并据此,以及连续介质力学的客观性原理,讨论了使得金属材料的单变量疲劳损伤模型成立的充分必要条件,从而为该模型的有效性提供了理论基础与可行性判据。     

变幅载荷对高温合金裂纹萌生及扩展寿命的影响

为了更好地分析航空发动机用高温合金裂纹萌生阶段的变幅载荷对高温材料的低周疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展寿命的影响,将低周疲劳的裂纹萌生过程视作损伤累积过程,基于连续损伤力学建立了低周疲劳损伤累积模型.结合室温下GQGH4169合金的裂纹扩展试验数据,通过有限元建模计算和数值分析方法确定了模型中具体的损伤参数数值,并对裂纹萌生寿命进行了预测.结果表明:该方法不但能准确地预测变幅加载下CT试样的裂纹萌生寿命,而且能很好地反映萌生阶段变幅载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的影响,而且降低了试验成本.     

基于威胁等级判定的欺骗干扰效果评估方法

研究了对组网雷达系统欺骗干扰效果评估的方法。结合防御系统的使用特点给出了基于假目标干扰情况下防御系统剩余拦截时间、毁伤效能两个属性的威胁等级判定方法，确定了基于威胁等级的假目标打分准则。该方法在假目标干扰效果评估中具有一定的参考意义。     

Two-Dimensional Modal Curvature for Damage Detection in Plates

Mode shape has become a hotspot of vibration-based damage detection in plates.Two-dimensional(2D)modal curvature(MC2D),derived from mode shapes,is a prevailing physical quantity used to indicate damage.Unfortunately,the physical mechanism of MC2 Dfor characterizing damage in plates has not been clarified to date.In contrast,one-dimensional(1D)modal curvature(MC1D)has explicit physical mechanism to portray damage in beams.Unresolved physical mechanism of MC2 Dseverely hampers its applications for damage identification in plates.To address this deficiency,the clarification mechanism of MC2 Dis investigated to identify damage.With the clarified mechanism,numerical and experimental cases are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of MC2 Din detecting damage in plates.     

Individual aircraft life monitoring: An engineering approach for fatigue damage evaluation

Individual aircraft life monitoring is required to ensure safety and economy of aircraft structure, and fatigue damage evaluation based on collected operational data of aircraft is an integral part of it. To improve the accuracy and facilitate the application, this paper proposes an engineering approach to evaluate fatigue damage and predict fatigue life for critical structures in fatigue monitoring. In this approach, traditional nominal stress method is applied to back calculate the S-N curve parameters of the realistic structure details based on full-scale fatigue test data. Then the S-N curve and Miner’s rule are adopted in damage estimation and fatigue life analysis for critical locations under individual load spectra. The relationship between relative small crack length and fatigue life can also be predicted with this approach. Specimens of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy and TA15M titanium alloy are fatigue tested under two types of load spectra, and there is a good agreement between the experimental results and analysis results. Furthermore, the issue concerning scatter factor in individual aircraft damage estimation is also discussed.     

某飞机机翼壁板战伤的胶接修理计算

为了准确模拟损伤部位的局部位移和力边界条件,基于某飞机的全杌有限元模型,对机翼整体壁板高应力区的圆孔型损伤,采用不同搭接宽度计算了受损壁板的胶接修理.研究了飞机机翼壁板不同损伤尺寸下搭接宽度与残余强度的关系,给出了飞机满足使用要求前提下的受损壁板胶接修理所需要的搭接宽度.这些结论为整体壁板的胶接修理提供参考.