浅谈冬季恶劣天气签派放行攻略

针对冬季机场容易出现的恶劣天气特点,主要从降雪跑道结冰、大雾低能见两个主要恶劣天气着手,分析飞行签派员放行攻略。     

非结构网格在积冰数值模拟中的应用

基于非结构网格对翼型表面的积冰进行了数值模拟研究.通过求解气体欧拉方程得到翼型的绕流流场,使用穿透型壁面边界模拟水滴对翼型表面的撞击,采用迭代法对水滴控制方程进行数值求解,得到翼型表面的水滴收集特性;采用不同的积冰冻结模型模拟霜冰和明冰的冻结过程;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,基于积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对NA...     

Observational appearances of isolated stellar-mass black hole accretion – Theory and observations

General properties of accretion onto isolated stellar-mass black holes in the Galaxy are discussed. An analysis of plasma internal energy growth during the infall is performed. Adiabatic heating of collisionless accretion flow due to magnetic adiabatic invariant conservation is 25% more efficient than in the standard non-magnetized gas case. It is shown that magnetic field line reconnections in discrete current sheets lead to significant nonthermal electron component formation, which leads to a formation of a hard (UV, X-ray, up to gamma), highly variable spectral component in addition to the standard synchrotron optical component first derived by Shvartsman generated by thermal electrons in the magnetic field of the accretion flow. Properties of accretion flow emission variability are discussed. Observation results of two single black hole candidates – gravitational lens MACHO-1999-BLG-22 and radio-loud X-ray source with featureless optical spectrum J1942+10 – in optical band with high temporal resolution are presented and interpreted in the framework of the proposed model.     

Testing the no-hair theorem with observations of black holes in the electromagnetic spectrum

According to the no-hair theorem, astrophysical black holes are uniquely described by their mass and spin. In this paper, we review a new framework for testing the no-hair hypothesis with observations in the electromagnetic spectrum. The approach is formulated in terms of a Kerr-like spacetime containing a quadrupole moment that is independent of both mass and spin. If the no-hair theorem is correct, then any deviation from the Kerr metric quadrupole has to be zero. We show how upcoming VLBI imaging observations of Sgr A∗ as well as spectroscopic observations of iron lines from accreting black holes with IXO may lead to the first astrophysical test of the no-hair theorem.     

翼型结冰过程数值模拟验算与分析

应用FENSAP-ICE结冰计算软件,对NACA0012翼型进行了流动特性、水滴撞击特性以及冰型生成过程的计算;同时,对结冰前后的翼型进行气动力特性计算对比分析,其中包括升力特性对比、阻力特性对比、流场细节分析以及压力系数分布对比。计算结果表明：翼型前缘结冰后,导致翼型前缘气流提前分离,最大升力系数、失速攻角大幅减小,...     

一种改进的积冰试验相似准则及其评估

从影响飞机积冰的基本物理过程出发,基于对AEDC和ONERA准则的分析,给出了一种改进的积冰试验相似准则.利用数值方法对改进的相似准则进行了有效性评估,数值评估的结果表明,用这种相似准则所确定的参数进行数值模拟,可以在圆柱及其1/2缩比模型上的对应区域得到相似的积冰,初步表明笔者所提出的相似准则是有效的,可以应用于冰风洞试验,作为试验的理论指导和参数选取依据.     

Limit cycles of accretion disks in the Rapid Burster and GRS 1915+105

The Rapid Burster is known to show rapidly repetitive bursts (Type II bursts). An interesting feature of the Type II burst is an approximate proportionality of the burst duration to the time to the next burst. The time sequence from a burst to the following quiescent phase can be said to be a time-scale invariant high (burst phase)–low (quiescent phase) transition. The Galactic superluminal source, GRS 1915+105 exhibits a variety of the time variation of the X-ray flux and often repeats transitions between a high-flux level and a low-flux level. In such high–low transitions, Belloni et al. (1997b) found an approximate proportionality between the duration of the low-flux phase and that of the following high-flux phase, over a wide range of the time scale. This low–high transition can again be said to be time-scale invariant. However, an interesting difference between the two time scale invariant transitions is an opposite order of the high and low-flux phase in the time-scale invariant sequence. In the case of the Rapid Burster, the high-flux (burst) phase is the first, while the low-flux phase is the first in the case of GRS1915+105. A limit cycle between an accretion disk in a state of the standard-disk and that in a state of the ADAF (advection dominated accretion flow) is discussed to explain the time-scale invariant high–low (or low–high) transition as well as the difference between the neutron star system and the black-hole system, qualitatively. A phenomenological relation of the accretion disk change with mass ejections from the central part of the disk is also discussed.     

直升机旋翼桨叶翼型积冰的数值模拟

本文对直升机旋翼桨叶翼型积冰进行了数值模拟.建立了空气、水滴两相流控制方程,通过求解气体欧拉方程得到空气流场,求解水滴控制方程得到翼型表面的水滴收集率.根据结冰表面的对流换热特性,使用积冰数值模拟的热力学模型确定翼型表面的积冰量,利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,采用积冰法向生长模型预测积冰形状;对NACA0012翼型在不同环境温度下的积冰进行了预测,最后对预测结果进行了分析.     

锥角对旋转整流罩积冰影响的模拟实验

采用缩比模型对4种不同锥角的旋转整流罩进行了冰风洞积冰模拟实验.推导出旋转表面积冰相似参数,并根据重要参数的匹配确定缩比整流罩模型的积冰实验参数.在实验中采用高速摄像系统记录冰生长过程及最终冰形.结果表明:4种锥角的整流罩表面积冰均由初期生成、分布连续的明冰和后期增长迅速的白色霜冰构成;锥角小于等于74°的整流罩表面霜冰为针状或粒状,积冰厚度较小;锥角大于80°的整流罩表面霜冰为羽毛状,积冰厚度较大,并伴随冰脱落现象,锥角较大的整流罩冰脱落位置向下游移动.      

基于H∞算法的飞机机翼结冰气动参数辨识

针对国内大型飞机结冰防护需求,开展针对大型结冰研究样机的H_∞算法参数辨识结冰探测研究。首先通过参数调节选取一组合适的H_∞算法参数,利用考虑测量噪声的结冰研究样机飞行仿真数据验证H_∞算法的辨识能力,由结果对比发现辨识算法能够跟踪飞机气动导数随结冰累积过程的变化趋势,辨识精度较高,其最大归一化平方根（RMS）误差仅为真值的11%;分析了H_∞算法对81种不同结冰累积过程的辨识能力,通过结果分析发现结冰累积时间较长且结冰速度较慢的情况辨识效果较差,结冰累积时间在100~300 s之间辨识精度较高;最后利用蒙特卡罗仿真分析了不同测量噪声大小对H_∞算法辨识精度和跟踪延时的影响,给出了3个纵向气动导数在随机误差影响下的辨识误差和跟踪延时的统计结果,发现在给定噪声标准差变化范围内,升力和俯仰力矩关于迎角的导数能够得到较为准确的辨识结果,二者的归一化平方根误差均值仅为各自真值的1.8%和4%,其预报延时均值最大仅为3 s和9.5 s。