稳态加速度模拟试验设备：离心机设计（4）

路和实用的工作程序.该文章对相关领域的研究人员和技术人员会有启发和帮助,同时对其他同类设备的设计也有触类旁通的作用.文章主要探讨的对象是中型、大型、特大型航空航天物体离心机,土工离心机和载人离心机.     

Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

The Effects of Transverse Magnetic Field and Density Variations on the Particle Energy Spectra in a Reconnecting 3D Current Sheet

Electron and proton acceleration by a super-Dreicer electric field is further investigated in a non-neutral reconnecting current sheet (RCS) with a variable plasma density. The tangential B _z and transverse magnetic field components B _x are assumed to vary with the distances x and z from the X nullpoint linearly and exponentially, respectively; the longitudinal component (a ‘guiding field’) is accepted constant. Particles are found to gain a bulk of their energy in a thin region close to the X nullpoint where the RCS density increases with z exponentially with the index λ and the tangential magnetic field B _x also increases with z exponentially with the index α. For the RCS with a constant density (λ = 0), the variations of the tangential magnetic field lead to particle power-law energy spectra with the spectral indices γ₁ being dependent on the exponent α as: for protons and for electrons in a strong guiding field (β > 10⁻²) and for electrons in a moderate or weak guiding field (β > 10⁻⁴). For the RCS with an exponential density increase in the vicinity of the X nullpoint (λ≥ 0) there is a further increase of the resulting spectral indices γ that depends on the density exponent index λ as for protons and for electrons in weaker guiding fields and as for electrons in stronger guiding fields. These dependencies can explain a wide variety (1.5–10) of particle spectral indices observed in solar flares by the variations of a magnetic field topology and physical conditions in a reconnecting region. This can be used as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of the RCS dynamics from the accelerated particle spectra found from hard X-ray and microwave emission.     

基于Weibull分布的疲劳加速腐蚀因子分析

考虑预腐蚀对飞机结构疲劳寿命的影响,建立了疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布的 加速腐蚀因子确定方法.假设预腐蚀疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布,特征寿命随时间呈指数规 律变化,推导得到了以疲劳寿命为腐蚀量的加速腐蚀因子表达式,以及在工程常用的时间范 围内加速腐蚀因子与腐蚀时间无关的结论;进行了相关参数估计,建立了加速腐蚀 因子的估计方法,得到了加速腐蚀因子估计量的近似分布,对其进行了统计分析.      

基于角加速度的陀螺框架伺服系统干扰观测器

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG,Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyro)是大型航天器姿态控制的关键执行机构,影响MSCMG输出力矩准确度的一个关键因素是其框架伺服系统的控制精度.为提高MSCMG框架伺服系统的抗干扰能力和控制精度,提出了一种基于角加速度的干扰观测器.其设计思想是:卡尔曼滤波器利用角位置估计出角速度并送往状态观测器以获取准确的角加速度,角加速度和电流作为干扰观测器的输入以获得补偿电流,补偿电流加到电流环的输入端以补偿各种干扰.干扰观测器结构简单,抗干扰能力强.实验表明:该方法有效地提高了MSCMG框架伺服系统的角速度精度与稳定度.     

过载约束下的大机动目标协同拦截

研究了非线性拦截几何下具有过载约束的多枚弱机动能力的导弹拦截强机动能力的目标的协同拦截问题。首先，在建立导弹的可达域、导弹的可行域以及目标的逃逸域这3个概念的基础上提出了非线性拦截几何下的基于逃逸域覆盖的协同拦截策略，并提出了基于标准弹道的设计方法。然后，给出了协同拦截制导律的形式，研究了导弹的末制导初始阵位、制导律参数以及导弹对目标机动的覆盖区域这三者间的关系，并设计了数值求解算法来实现对多弹的覆盖区域的分配、协同制导律的设计以及多弹初始拦截阵位的配置。最后，对理论结果进行仿真。结果显示，多枚机动性较小的导弹，通过初始拦截阵位的合理配置和协同拦截制导律的合理设计，可以实现对机动性能较强的目标的协同拦截。     

金属聚合物复合材料的电树枝生长模拟

为了研究金属聚合物复合材料的击穿特性,在WZ模型的基础上建立了在绝缘聚合物介质中填充不同体积浓度的理想金属粒子的逾渗模型。利用计算机对放电通道的发展进行仿真,并对得到的仿真图形进行比较,研究了金属颗粒的体积浓度、下极板施加的电压、放电通道内的阈值电压和树点发展的概率指数对放电通道发展的影响。结果表明,金属粒子体积浓度越大,则放电树枝分枝越多。因此,填充金属颗粒可以明显地增强绝缘介质的导电性,其中逾渗阈值为0.6。下极板施加的电压越大,放电通道内的阈值电压和树点发展的概率指数越小,则放电树枝分枝越多,同时放电树枝生长过程中的积累损伤越大,该规律与实际放电情况相符合。     

基于双通道的光纤陀螺捷联罗经系统软件设计

基于双通道（罗经通道和惯导通道）的光纤陀螺捷联罗经系统软件设计,罗经通道通过在水平回路及罗经回路中加阻尼控制环节校正姿态角,当载体进行复杂机动航行时,系统自动切换到无阻尼惯导通道,以有效减小机动误差,并通过等效分析法确定加速度阈值实现两通道的自动切换。两种工作通道的仿真结果表明罗经通道与惯导通道相比,可以更好地抑制系统的舒勒周期振荡和地球周期振荡,对惯性器件的随机噪声产生的误差积累也有较好的抑制作用。通过系统工程样机在三轴转台环境下的测试,基本验证了双通道软件的正确性和系统样机硬件的可靠性,测试结果表明该罗经系统具有较高的姿态精度。     

用微元法建立单刚体动力学的虚加速度原理和虚力原理

本文首先从刚体动力学方程出发,利用变积法推得其虚加速度原理和虚力原理,然后用微元法思想由质点系动力学的虚加速度原理、虚力原理推得刚体动力学的虚加速度原理与虚力原理,并对两种方法本身进行了比较。由于本文的推导方法是从连续介质力学的观点进行的,故这种方法对进一步建立单柔体、多柔体动力学的虚加速度原理和虚力原理具有重要应用价值,进而对现在热点之一的柔性飞行器动力学的研究有潜在的意义。     

一种再生测距伪码的自适应捕获技术

深空探测距离远,适合使用再生伪码测距技术。针对空间数据系统咨询委员会（CCSDS）提出的T2B测距复合伪码,计算了其6个子码在不同延拓周期下的相关值,推导了星上相关运算前信号噪声的分布形式。在对判决量统计特性分析的基础上,采用最大似然估计准则（MLE）对噪声标准差进行了合理估计,通过噪声标准差估计了判决门限,并采用奈曼...