Diffusive shock acceleration at interplanetary perpendicular shock waves: Influence of the large scale structure of turbulence on the maximum particle energy

We calculate the maximum energy that a particle can obtain at perpendicular interplanetary shock waves by the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration. The influence of the energy range spectral index of the two-dimensional modes of the interplanetary turbulence is explored. We show that changes in this parameter lead to energies that differ in at least one order of magnitude. Therefore, the large scale structure of the turbulence is a key input if the maximum particle energy is calculated.     

冲击加速度校准中低通滤波器的应用

介绍了在冲击加速度校准中,为了抑制电、机械等干扰和噪声对冲击加速度测量结果的影响,采用二阶巴特沃斯型低通滤波器,通过时间序列翻转、二次滤波等方式,实现零相移的低通滤波效果。并比较不同截止频率下,低通滤波器对衰减程度不同的冲击加速度波形产生的峰值偏差,给出不同加速度波形下,低通滤波器截止频率选择应注意的问题。     

Thermodynamic features of aircraft diagonal gas turbines

An effect of the Coriolis forces on the process of gas expansion in the turbine stage is considered. Expressions for efficiency with regard for the radial flow passage are derived. The calculation results and statistical data on the geometric parameters of diagonal stages are presented.     

Study of the 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005 solar flares by means of 2.223 MeV gamma-emission line

By the data on intensity-time profiles of the neutron capture line of 2.223 MeV we have studied some characteristics of two solar flares, 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005 (INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F observations, respectively). The SINP code was applied making allowance for the main processes of neutron interactions and deceleration in the solar plasma, character of neutron source, losses of neutrons and density model of the solar atmosphere. Comparison of the computed time profiles of 2.223 MeV line with observed ones for the flare of 28 October 2003 confirms the results obtained earlier for three other flares. Namely, the effect of density enhancement (EDE) in the sub-flare region, as well as the variations (hardening) of accelerated particle spectrum in the course of the event have been confirmed. The usual modeling procedure by the SINP code, however, seems to be inapplicable to the event of 20 January 2005. Possible causes of density enhancements during some flares and peculiarities of the 20 January 2005 flare are discussed.     

Optimal steering law of refractive sail

The interaction between electromagnetic waves and matter is the working principle of a photon-propelled spacecraft, which extracts momentum from the solar radiation to obtain a propulsive acceleration. An example is offered by solar sails, which use a thin membrane to reflect the impinging photons. The solar radiation momentum may actually be transferred to matter by means of various optical phenomena, such as absorption, emission, or refraction. This paper deals with the novel concept of a refractive sail, through which the Sun’s light is refracted by crossing a film made of polymeric micro-prisms. The main feature of a refractive sail is to give a large transverse component of thrust even when the sail nominal plane is orthogonal to the Sun-spacecraft line. Starting from the recent literature results, this paper proposes a semi-analytical thrust model that estimates the characteristics of the propulsive acceleration vector as a function of the sail attitude angles. Such a mathematical model is then used to analyze a simplified Earth-Mars and Earth-Venus interplanetary transfer within an optimal framework.     

Electrostatic accelerometer with bias rejection for gravitation and Solar System physics

Radio tracking of interplanetary probes is an important tool for navigation purposes as well as for testing the laws of physics or exploring planetary environments. The addition of an accelerometer on board a spacecraft provides orbit determination specialists and physicists with an additional observable of great interest: it measures the value of the non-gravitational acceleration acting on the spacecraft, i.e. the departure of the probe from geodesic motion.     

The effect of the longitudinal propagating waves on the electron acceleration in the reconnecting current sheet

Based upon the most efficient electron acceleration near the midplane of 3D non-neutral driven reconnecting current sheet (RCS) and the electrostatic wave excitation by the drift Maxwellian distribution of electrons in Vlasov simulation, we assume that the electrostatic waves mainly propagate opposite to the reconnecting electric field and investigated how these waves affect the electron acceleration. The main results are: (1) when the electron’s velocity equals to the phase speed of the waves, they will be trapped and have the different accelerating characteristics from the untrapped electrons through solving the momentum equations of electrons analytically; (2) the test particle simulations further prove that the number of the energetic electrons decreases with the increasing intensity of unstable waves, and the distribution of the energetic electrons takes on the double power-law.     

基于光敏树脂分析的3D打印加速度传感器设计

MEMS加速度传感器所采用的硅微机械加工技术存在个性化定制、小批量生产成本方面的不足，而3D打印技术的优势就在于无需模具的自由化定制、一机多用实现低成本产品生产，3D打印的发展趋势就是实现微纳尺度结构的制造。在此背景下，采用光固化立体成型技术设计了一种3D打印压阻式加速度传感器结构。传感器基底使用耐高温光敏树脂制作，并采用丝网印刷工艺在基底表面印制导电碳浆形成应变计结构。为此，首先对耐高温光敏树脂的相关热学与机械性能进行分析。通过测试，得到该光敏树脂固化后的起始分解温度等热力学参数。其次，通过控制光敏树脂紫外光固化时间，取得了较好杨氏模量和弯曲强度的树脂，且为该加速度传感器的结构仿真优化与制作工艺提供了必需数据与重要依据。除此之外，还对所设计的碳浆应变计结构进行了测试，得到了有效灵敏系数。通过以上工作，为最终实现3D打印加速度传感器的制作做好铺垫，助力3D打印技术与MEMS传感器技术相融合。     

某型飞机后减速板抗振动损伤设计分析

某型飞机后减速板在部队使用中 ,由于振动损伤原因 ,多次出现减速板梁断裂、蒙皮裂纹等故障 ,经分析 ,确定了能抗振动疲劳的打孔加型材结构改进方案 ,并经实际飞行测试取得了满意效果。本文是对后减速板的抗振动损伤设计思想和方法进行简要介绍 ,为类似问题的处理提供借鉴。     

弹射救生用人体数学模型

 利用人体弹射试验数据建立起人体动力学特性的数学模型(简称人体数学模型)。模型的动态响应特性分析可以解决一些与弹射有关的人体工程学问题。根据人体的最大动态超调,结合椎骨强度可确定人体耐受弹射加速度的限度。从防护角度出发,分析座垫对人体受力的影响和人体响应的时相特点而要求座垫厚度必需很薄。还提出改善弹射动力和确定测试系统性能指标的依据。将模型用于弹射实践可以减少人体试验,对人体安全和研制生产都极其有利。