校罗差时磁偏差设定为零的机理分析

在飞机地面通常检查时,磁差给定器磁偏差值往往设定为当地磁差,才能得到正确的航向。校正磁罗差时,只有将磁差给定器设定为000.0,不然罗差计算会大大溢出指标。文章通过磁罗差校正的原理和校正方法的论述,进一步分析了校罗差时将磁偏给定器设定为000.0的工作机理。     

基于的DTV图像去噪模型

针对纹理图像的去噪问题,通过分析全变分（TV）去噪模型与方向全变分（DTV）去噪模型,提出了一种具有鲁棒性的基于的DTV去噪模型。为了刻画图像中的不同结构特征,该模型中DTV正则项的指数p由图像的结构来确定在（0,2）中自适应地选取。由于该模型是含有可分性算子的非光滑优化问题,可用交替方向乘子法（ADMM）求解,并能保证算法的收敛性。数值实验结果表明:与其他经典模型相比,提出的模型取得了更高的峰值信噪比和结构相似度,在去除噪声的同时能有效保持图像的细节信息。      

Comparison of observed ionospheric vertical TEC over the sea in Indian region with IRI-2016 model

The vertical ionospheric TEC values obtained from GAGAN grid based ionospheric delay correction values over the sea in the Indian equatorial region have been compared with the corresponding values derived from the International Reference Ionosphere model, IRI-2016. The objective of this work is to study the deviation of the vertical TEC derived from the IRI model from ground truths over the sea for different conditions. This will serve the basic intention of assessing the candidature of the IRI model as an alternative ionospheric correction model in navigation receivers in terms of accuracy. We have chosen different solar activity periods, seasons, geomagnetic conditions, locations etc. for our comparison and analysis. The TEC values by the IRI-2016 were compared with the actual measured values for the given conditions and errors were obtained. The measured vertical TEC values at the ionospheric grid points were derived from the GAGAN broadcast ionospheric delay data and used as reference. The IRI model with standard internal functions was used in estimating the TEC at the same ionospheric grid points. The errors in the model derived values are statistically analysed. Broadly, the results show that, for the Indian sector over the sea, the IRI model performs better on quiet days in off equatorial regions, particularly in the northern region. The overall performance degrades for other conditions with the model generally underestimating the true TEC values and most severely in the equatorial region. The performance is worst in this region for the disturbed days of the equinoctial period. The comparison study is also done with the TEC data measured directly by dual frequency GPS receivers. The results were found to be in general agreement with those obtained by comparing the model with GAGAN broadcast data as reference. This study will be useful in considering the IRI-2016 model for real time estimates of TEC as an alternative to the current parametric model in a satellite navigation receiver in absence of other options.     

半个太阳活动周期内我国中纬地区上空电离层等效板厚的变化特征

本文用新乡(电离层400km对下点是:32.4°N,115.6°E)、重庆(电离层400km对下点是:27.2°N,108.7°E)接收日本同步卫星ETS-Ⅱ的信标资料,研究了我国中纬地区上空半个太阳活动周期内(1981—1985)电离层等效板厚的变化特征,得到了等效板厚日变化、季变化的二维和三维等值图。由付里叶分析和回归方法得出等效板厚日变化各谐波分量与太阳黑子数12个月滑动平均值之间存在弱的线性关系。同时指出在等效板厚日变化中,于当地时0400—0700LT存在一明显的黎明峰。并对出现这种峰的原因作了讨论。      

射线计算机成像技术在发动机变壁厚产品检测中的试验研究

针对液体火箭发动机离心轮、涡轮静子等厚度变化大的复杂激光选区熔化成形（SLM）钢构件在常规X射线胶片照相检测（RT）时,由于胶片的宽容度低造成的检测覆盖率低,存在漏检质量隐患的问题,采用射线计算机成像技术（CR）对该类变截面厚度差在5～20 mm内的钢构件进行检测。结果表明,CR检测图像宽容度是胶片照相检测的3倍,检测覆盖率高;以离心轮线状缺陷CR检测为例,且通过CT和理化检测验证证明,CR检测具有与胶片照相检测基本一致的缺陷检测灵敏度、可靠性。     

Intra-annual variations of the thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006

We investigate the intra-annual variations of globally averaged thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006 by using Artificial Neural Network Method (ANNM). The results indicate that thermospheric density is governed by solar activity, and the absolute error of our model is 13.67%, less than NRLMSISE-00 model. Fourier representation can catch the intra-annual variations more accurately than NRLMSISE-00 model and JB2008 model especially during 2002. We find that the Autumn maximum is slightly greater than Spring maximum during solar minimum, while the reverse is correct during solar maximum. There is a strong linear relation between solar activity and the amplitude of annual/semiannual variations, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9534 and 0.9424, respectively. Moreover, the amplitude ratio of the annual to semiannual variation is about 1.3 averaged, and changes in different years, but it has little relation with solar activity. Besides that, the amplitude of annual variation is larger than semiannual variation during 1996 and 2006 except 1998 and 2000. The relative error of NRLMSISE-00 model is 14.95%, decreasing to 12.49% after revising, and the correlation coefficients between this empirical model and its improved results and the observation are 0.8185 and 0.9210, respectively. Finally, we suggest the revised version of MSIS series of model should use the Fourier representation to express the intra-annual variations.     

太阳活动低年低纬地区VTEC 变化特性分析

利用福州台站(26.1°N, 119.3°E, 磁纬14.4°N)电离层闪烁与TEC监测仪2006-2010年的观测数据, 对该地区垂直总电子含量(VTEC)进行时间变化特性分析. 结果表明, 春秋冬三季的VTEC平均最高值出现在06:00UT, 夏季出现在08:00UT, 所有季节的平均最低值均出现在21:00UT; VTEC变化存在季节异常和弱冬季异常, 春秋季节高, 冬夏季节低, 夏季VTEC比冬季低且最大值出现时间延迟; VTEC在2006-2009年呈现下降的变化趋势, 2010年开始增强, 年际变化与太阳活动及地磁活动变化趋势具有较好的对应关系; VTEC变化与太阳活动存在很好的相关性, 相关系数达到0.5以上, 地磁活动则显示了弱相关的特性; F_10.7与VTEC的相关性随着每天Kp指数总值Σ_kp的增大而减小.      

涡轴发动机LQ/H∞抗扰控制方法

提出了抑制涡轴发动机负载干扰的线性二次型（LQ）/H∞控制算法,以总距为干扰建模,利用线性矩阵不等式求得既满足LQ指标又对干扰具有H∞性能约束的状态反馈控制律.提出修正指令抑制干扰策略.采用比例微分控制将总距变化转换为动力涡轮转速指令的修正,实现增大或减小机动飞行中动力涡轮转速指令,抑制实际转速的下垂或超调.仿真结果表明：该控制方法能有效抑制干扰并具有良好的实时性.     

箱梁颤振过程中旋涡的演化规律及气动力的变化特性

利用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）观测了箱梁颤振过程中模型周围流场的旋涡特征,以模型扭转振动位移作为参考信号,采用相位平均的方法研究了旋涡规律性演化对模型周期性振动的驱动作用。风速较低时,箱梁振幅很小,其尾部风嘴附近上侧的旋涡尺度也很小,不易观测到,而下侧的旋涡尺度较大,其形状接近于圆形。当风速接近颤振临界风速时,箱梁振幅明显增大,并且模型尾部风嘴上侧的旋涡尺度也显著增大,达到与下侧旋涡尺度相匹配的程度,模型尾部风嘴上下侧旋涡的交替作用主导了结构振动直到模型振动发散。基于流固松耦合的计算策略,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）的数值方法模拟了箱梁颤振临界状态下的绕流特性,结合正交特征分解（POD）的方法研究了模型颤振时刻表面压力的空间分布特征,通过分析发现在颤振过程中箱梁表面波动压力的主控成分向迎风侧风嘴漂移。     

冷轧张应力分布模型及其在辊系变形计算中的应用

以往张应力分布计算多以实验为基础,或理论模型建立过程中采用了过多假设,使张应力分布计算精度受到很大限制,针对这些情况,提出利用变分法建立单元出口张应力计算模型,并与影响函数法相结合建立了冷轧前张力横向分布计算模型及辊系弹性变形计算模型,并开发了相应的计算程序.用该程序计算了某公司单机架可逆冷轧机的单位宽轧制力、辊间压力、轧件厚度以及张应力等的横向分布并进行了分析.实例计算表明,计算结果与生产实测数据吻合较好,证明了理论模型是实用可靠的.