微胶囊化在固体推进剂中的应用及展望

介绍了微胶囊化技术的概况、制造方法及其在推进刑领域的相关应用。重点指出固化剂和氧化剂的微胶囊化包覆、复合粒子的制备等对提高推进剂的性能有重要作用。总结了微胶囊化技术在固体推进剂中应用的研究方向。     

胺类化合物反应型包覆硝酸铵及其在叠氮聚醚推进剂中的应用

为改善相稳定硝酸铵(PSAN)的吸湿性和表面极性,选择乙二胺、二乙胺和三乙胺,分别代表伯、仲和叔胺化合物,与PSAN颗粒表面反应,制备反应型包覆PSAN。FTIR证实,乙二胺、二乙胺和三乙胺与AN均能发生化学反应。通过吸湿率、接触角测量和推进剂拉伸实验,对包覆效果进行了表征。结果表明,二乙胺反应型包覆的PSAN吸湿性和表面极性改善效果最好,相对湿度为75.3%和92.5%两种环境下,8 h吸湿率分别下降了60.5%和63.6%,表面自由能极性分量下降了约91%,非极性分量增加了约145%;而乙二胺反应型包覆PSAN对BAMO-THF/PSAN推进剂力学性能改善效果最好,乙二胺包覆量为0.2%时,推进剂的最大应力σm取得最大值,σm提高了约46%,最大应力下延伸率εm提高了约83%。     

溶胶-凝胶Al2O3涂层石英纤维增强甲基硅树脂基复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法在石英纤维的表面涂敷Al2O3涂层,用AFM对涂敷后纤维的表面形貌进行了研究,并通过束丝拉伸强度的测试优化了Al2O3涂层热处理工艺条件,着重分析了Al2O3涂层对石英纤维增强甲基硅树脂复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明,Al2O3涂层在500℃下可有效隔绝石英纤维与树脂基体之间的反应,改善复合材料的界面强度,提高复合材料的层间剪切性能。经400、600℃热处理后的Al2O3涂敷石英纤维增强复合材料的层间剪切强度分别为8.2、5.4 MPa,分别是未涂敷复合材料的3.4倍和2.3倍。     

柔性太阳翼桅杆涂层特性对热诱发振动的影响分析

空间站大型柔性太阳翼系统在轨运行期间会受到周期性的热辐射作用,导致结构温度周期性变化,从而诱发太阳翼的振动。为研究太阳翼桅杆热控涂层特性对热诱发振动的影响,文章采用热-结构顺序耦合的方法,对桅杆无涂层、电镀涂层和白漆涂层3种不同表面状态进行热诱发振动分析,得到了太阳翼的位移-时间响应结果。对比不同涂层下太阳翼参考点的振动结果可以看出:涂层特性对于热诱发振动是有影响的,其中白漆涂层能大幅度减小振动的振幅。     

地面模拟空间环境下磷酸盐涂层的摩擦学行为

针对有机类固体润滑防护涂层长期暴露在空间环境下涂层表面降解、致密性下降、润滑作用失效等问题,设计开发了改性磷酸盐黏结固体润滑防护涂层。通过地面模拟空间综合环境设备系统,分析了改性磷酸盐黏结固体润滑防护涂层在长时间紫外、原子氧、高能质子和电子辐照后的结构变化和真空摩擦学性能。结果表明:紫外和高能粒子辐照对改性磷酸盐黏结固体润滑涂层的力学和真空摩擦磨损性能均无影响;原子氧对涂层表面的二硫化钼具有一定的氧化作用,但并未影响涂层的摩擦磨损性能,涂层经过各种辐照后仍然表现出良好的润滑作用。该涂层有望应用于航天飞行器相关运动部件的润滑与防护。     

GAP贫氧推进剂固化气孔问题研究

通过DSC和胶片固化等实验手段并结合理论分析,证实了GAP的结构特性及AP的存在是GAP贫氧推进剂固化不完全和在固化过程中出现大量气孔的根本原因。通过选择合适的固化催化体系,或加入质量含量为3‰~5‰的间苯二酚,或对AP进行包覆,解决了GAP贫氧推进剂的固化气孔问题。     

28 MPa 压力级别O型密封圈主要设计参数分析

飞机液压系统依靠被密封的工作介质来传递力和速度,因此,系统密封性的好坏直接影响系统的效率和工作性能,严重时将导致系统不能工作。O型密封圈由于具有优越的密封性能、密封结构简单和拆装方便等优点,被广泛应用于液压系统密封装置中。O型密封圈的参数设计对密封装置的有效密封起到关键性作用。现行有效的HB/Z4-1995适用于21 MPa压力体制液压系统密封结构及密封件设计,以1S243和1S384为基础,对28 MPa压力体制液压系统密封结构及密封件的压缩率、拉伸率等主要参数进行计算,并给出推荐参数选择范围,可以给28 MPa压力体制液压系统密封结构及密封件设计提供依据。     

一种低迟滞低磨损的指尖密封型线构形的研究

针对迄今指尖密封多目标性能优化研究中存在的难以实现迟滞性能和磨损性能同步改善的问题,通过引入Stackelberg对策理论,并将指尖密封型线构形作为优化"元素",构建了指尖密封迟滞性能和磨损性能优化的Stackelberg模型.在正向Stackelberg主从对策机制下,采用基于有限元仿真和BP神经网络的遗传算法在Stackelberg系统主从层面上实现了指尖密封性能的可控优化,获得了具有低迟滞低磨损性能的"上凹"构形指尖密封型线.有限元仿真分析合理地解释了"上凹"型线指尖密封具有较好性能的原因,表明"上凹"型线指尖密封具有良好的应用前景.      

Reliability estimation of mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty

The reliability estimation of mechanical seals is of crucial importance due to their wide applications in pumps in various mechanical systems. Failure of mechanical seals might cause leakage, and might lead to system failure and other relevant consequences. In this study, the reliability estimation for mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty is proposed. The friction torque and leakage rate are two degradation performance indicators of mechanical seals that can be described by the Wiener process, Gamma process, and inverse Gaussian process. The dependence between the two indicators can be described by different copula functions. Then the model uncertainty is considered in the reliability estimation using the Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method, while the unknown parameters in the model are estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. A numerical simulation study and fatigue crack study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMA method to capture model uncertainty. A degradation test of mechanical seals is conducted to verify the proposed model. The optimal stochastic process models for two performance indicators and copula function are determined based on the degradation data. The results show the necessity of using the BMA method in degradation modeling.     

Dynamic performance of a C/C composite finger seal in a tilting mode

The complex operating state of aeroengines has an impact on the performance of finger seals.However,little work has been focused on the issue and the dynamic performance of finger seals is also rarely studied.Therefore,a distributed mass equivalent model considering working conditions is proposed in this paper for solving the existing problems.The effects of the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle of a C/C composite on the dynamic performance of a finger seal are investigated in rotor tilt based on the proposed model.The difference between the C/C composite finger seal performances under the rotor precession and nutation tilt cases is also investigated.The results show that the fiber bundle density and the preparation direction of the fiber bundle have an influence on the dynamic performance of the finger seal as rotor tilt is considered,and the dynamic performance of the finger seal is different in the two kinds of tilting modes.In addition,a novel method for design of finger seals is presented based on the contact pressure between finger boots and the rotor.Finger seals with good leakage rates and low wear can be acquired in this method.