双轴柔性滚弯技术的实验研究

提出了双轴柔性滚弯管状零件的概念,介绍了采用聚氨酯轮的柔性滚弯装置并分析了其工作原理和特性,对双轴湾弯技术进行了比较系统的基础工艺研究,得出了工件直 和刚性轴直径及其轴间进给量之间的经验关系。结果表明,存在一临界进给量,当进给超出该值后工件直径不再随进给量的增大而减小型化从而达到一个极限尺寸,同时该极限尺寸和刚性轴的直径成正比。     

恒温剥蚀对LC4CS铝合金结构和力学性能的影响

研究了恒温剥蚀对ＬＣ４ＣＳ铝合金试样表面宏观形貌及截面微观结构的影响;测定了试样欧姆电阻、力学性能随剥蚀时间的变化。由欧姆电阻值计算所得试样的腐蚀速率,在剥蚀前期快速增大,４ ｈ 后逐渐下降至一定值。金相显微观察结果表明,试样显微结构的变化是力学性能下降的主要原因     

枪黑色Ni/Sn合金在NaOH溶液中的析氢电催化性能

实验测出的电化学参数表明：在ＮａＯＨ溶液中电解制氢时,枪黑色Ｎｉ／Ｓｎ合金的析氢电催化性能比４５号钢和主硫镍的强很多,而且具有很主的电化学稳定性。     

铝液在多孔介质中渗流时气体反压力模型的研究

本文研究了铝液在多孔介质中快速糁流的特点,建立了在渗流法制备多孔泡沫铝合金时的型腔内气体反压力模型,该模型使计算结果更接近实际浇注情产况,研究表明气体反压力与多孔介质的透过率（即孔隙率和孔径）、渗流速度、渗流长度有关。通过对渗流过程的渗流和传热进行耦合数值计算,并经实际浇注验证,说明数值计算基本合理,对最终优化渗流工艺具有实际意义。     

5A90铝锂合金的蠕变时效行为及机理

研究了在不同时效温度和应力水平的影响下,5A90铝锂合金的蠕变时效行为和微观组织及力学性能演变规律和机理。实验采取先加载后加热的方法,即考虑了蠕变时效非等温阶段。结果表明:在恒定外加应力175MPa下,加热至100、130和160℃时的非等温蠕变应变分别为0.026%、0.036%和0.069%;160℃下等温阶段保持18 h后的蠕变应变达到1.207%,远大于130℃下的0.079%和100℃下的0.039%;蠕变应变速率随温度升高而增加;由于蠕变损伤,160℃下出现蠕变第3阶段。研究了130℃下不同应力水平对微观组织和力学性能演变的影响,发现应力为175 MPa时,非等温蠕变变形很明显,但在125和150 MPa下加热至120℃之前不会发生蠕变,并且等温蠕变应变随应力增大而增加;较高的应力可以促进δ′(Al3Li)、S(Al2MgLi)相的析出和长大;在蠕变时效初期,应力越大,位错密度越小,而在蠕变时效的后期则相反;与125和150 MPa相比,合金在175 MPa下蠕变时效初期表现出最低的强度和最好的塑性,而在蠕变时效后期则相反,这归因于位错强化和δ′相强化之间的协同作用。     

基于数字图像相关的预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金疲劳开裂实验研究

通过三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法研究预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金在三种不同最大应力水平和应力比下的疲劳开裂行为。通过应变场演化直观地显示裂纹萌生和扩展的时空特征,并通过扫描电镜观测关键损伤区域的断裂微观形貌。结果表明:试样边缘的局部腐蚀促进了疲劳裂纹萌生,影响了裂纹的形核位置,并引起材料氢脆现象;疲劳裂纹扩展方向与加载方向呈60°~68°角,表明疲劳裂纹扩展可以用KⅠ/KⅡ混合模式来描述;预腐蚀铝合金疲劳失效存在单裂纹断裂、多裂纹联合、多裂纹竞争和多裂纹平行扩展4种典型的失效模式。     

高硅铝合金激光封焊与焊接接头的工艺研究

针对高硅铝合金电子封装管壳激光封焊后，焊接接头附近易出现裂纹，产品密封成品率低的问题，提出了一种具有预热-焊接-后处理的激光脉冲波形。通过研究激光封焊工艺参数与管壳焊接结构的作用关系，以及焊接接头部位的微观结构，确定了符合可靠性要求的管壳焊接接头的结构，避免了裂纹等缺陷的发生，并通过了可靠性验证，将其应用到宇航用混合微电路生产中，产品合格率得到了极大的提升。     

Effects of dry/wet ratio and pre-immersion on stress corrosion cracking of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions were investigated. Slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) and electrochemical tests were used to study the effects of dry/wet ratio (DWR) and pre-immersion on SCC. Fracture and side surface characterizations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that SCC susceptibility decreases with an increase of the DWR. With an increase of the pre-immersion time, both continuous pre-immersion (CP) and wet-dry cyclic pre-immersion (WDP) samples are more sensitive to SCC, and the cracking mode in the SCC fracture region is intergranular. Furthermore, the effect of WDP on SCC is greater than that of CP when the total time immersed in solution before an SSRT is the same with each other. In fact, each single wet-dry cycle can be divided into three processes with respect to the change of solution on samples’ surface. Volatilization of water on the surface results in an increase in solute concentration, thus accelerating corrosion.     

7075铝合金二维超声挤压加工的灰色关联分析

采用正交试验法对7075-T651铝合金进行二维超声挤压加工试验,运用灰色关联分析法研究工艺参数对表面粗糙度和显微硬度的综合影响,采用多元线性回归方法构建灰色关联度预测模型,并基于预测模型通过规划求解确定最优工艺参数。结果表明:各工艺参数对表面粗糙度、显微硬度和灰色关联度的影响规律不同,基于灰色关联度排序获得的工艺参数值也并非最优值;建立的灰色关联度模型可对试验进行准确预测,基于该模型进行非线性规划求解获得的最优工艺参数为静压力220 N,挤压速度30 m/min,进给量0.14 mm/r,此时表面粗糙度Ra值约为0.44μm,显微硬度约为637 HL。     

Testing and evaluation for fatigue crack propagation of Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 alloys at high temperatures

This paper seeks to evaluate crack propagation properties and residual lives of metallic alloys subjected to fatigue loading at room and high temperatures. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 subjected to constant-amplitude and actual randomspectra loading at room temperature of about 25 ℃ and at high temperatures of 250 ℃ and 150 ℃ to determine their crack growth properties and residual lives. The damage mode and mechanisms at high temperature were compared with those at room temperature on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. Temperature-dependent residual lives under actual random-spectra load history were evaluated based on a modified accumulation damage rule accounting for the load interaction.Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.