Laser time transfer and its application in the Galileo programme

We are presenting the new instrument, new technology available and new measurement technique proposal for the Galileo programme – optical detector for the laser time transfer and one way laser ranging ground to space.     

2A12 铝合金锻坯开裂故障分析

某产品用2A12铝合金锻坯在生产过程中发生开裂故障。本文对开裂锻坯进行了形貌观察与断口分析,并对比研究了热处理后开裂锻坯、未热处理锻坯和原材料铝棒。结果表明:开裂锻坯上的开裂模式为脆性开裂;开裂锻坯上的裂纹形成于热处理过程,形成原因应与锻造工艺控制不当导致锻坯在热处理过程中形成的粗晶有关。     

创造具有自身特色的经营策略：———论云南航空公司的经营策略

阐述了在国内外航空市场的竞争压力下航空公司应采取的措施。针对过去和未来一段时期内国际航空市场的变化，结合云南航空公司的实际情况，分析了国内航线和国际航线运营状况，提出了具有其自身特色的发展战略和经营策略。     

基于Gauss-Newton法的L1数据拟合

在数据拟合中，当个别数据存在较大测量误差时，采用Ｌ１准则对数据进行拟合要优于最小二乘准则。本文通过建立Ｌ１准则与最小二乘准则之间的关系，给出了一种基于Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ法的Ｌ１数据拟合自满。计算结果表明，该方法易于理解，便于编程，具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。     

强五D飞机机尾罩下蒙皮铆钉松动、脱落原因浅析

分析了强五D飞机机尾罩下蒙皮铆钉松动、脱落的原因，提出了改进措施，并已应用于外场和成批生产。     

Sulfur “concrete” for lunar applications – Sublimation concerns

Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form “concrete” is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSC-1 lunar stimulant and SiO₂ powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment.     

浅析加强中国新闻史研究中的主体意识——读《中国新闻事业通史》和《美国新闻史》

从中国新闻史目前的现状出发，看出中国新闻史研究的成绩和困境。在比较分析《中国新闻事业通史》和《美国新闻史》的叙事模式的基础上，提出并论证了通过新闻史书写中主体意识的加强，来弥补历史书写中微观叙述的缺失。     

The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Deep Impact Mission Design

The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment. The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth.     

The History and Dynamics of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft.