铝合金剪切旋压残余应力分布规律

研究了剪切旋压加热温度、进给率和半锥角对残余应力分布的影响规律.试验结果表明:旋压进给比增大,残余压应力减小;适宜的旋压变形温度范围有利于降低工件表面残余应力;半锥角对工件表面残余应力的影响不显著,5A06铝合金旋压适宜采用30°～45°的半锥角.     

基于三维裂纹尖端应力场的应力强度因子计算方法

提出一种基于无限大体裂纹尖端弹性应力场理论解的前几项多项式函数,对实际裂纹体弹性应力场有限元解进行拟合来计算应力强度因子的方法.该方法在计算应力强度因子时不需要预先假设裂纹尖端的应力应变状态,应力强度因子计算结果更符合三维裂纹体裂纹尖端实际的应力应变状态.首先基于二维无限大板中心穿透裂纹应力场理论解验证了方法的有效性,探讨了拟合确定应力强度因子需要的多项式应力函数的项数.然后分别以二维大板中心穿透裂纹、三维大体内埋圆裂纹和三维有限厚板中心穿透裂纹的应力强度因子计算为例,通过与无限大板和无限大体应力强度因子理论解以及基于位移外推法和1/4节点张开位移法的应力强度因子有限元解的对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.研究表明该方法能够合理反映三维裂纹体裂纹尖端的实际应力应变状态,计算得到的应力强度因子数值更合理.      

民机研制系统工程若干基本概念的哲学思考

出于自主创新的需要,国内航空工业界已逐渐认识到系统工程方法在民机研制中的重要性。因此,越来越多的民机企业开始采用国际权威的《民用飞机与系统研制指南(SAE ARP 4754A)》来进行民机型号的研制,以确保民机型号研制过程能满足适航审查的要求。然而,由于这一指南中的一些基本概念不够清晰、逻辑也不严密,使得国内民机工程师难以准确把握系统工程的本质,进而导致他们实施系统工程方法时面临着很大的困难。从科学哲学、设计哲学等与民机研制紧密相关的学科出发,对民机研制系统工程中的若干基本概念进行了剖析,并在此基础上提出了一组更加清晰的系统工程概念(即行为、作用、功能、需求、要求等),以方便民机工程师能更好地理解系统工程方法的本质,并能在民机型号研制过程中进行应用。     

基于L_1自适应的超低空空投抗侧风控制律设计

针对超低空空投过程中侧风干扰与装备投放过程相耦合,影响载机飞行安全和空投任务的完成等问题,提出了基于L_1自适应的控制律设计方法。利用最优控制对系统线性部分做状态反馈并确定匹配参考模型,在此基础上,考虑系统的匹配和非匹配不确定性,设计L_1自适应控制器实现姿态保持,结合外环PID侧向轨迹控制器实现对航迹的稳定和保持。仿真结果表明,控制器具有优良的控制性能,对复杂侧风干扰和系统非线性不确定性具有很强的鲁棒性,且在高自适应增益下能有效抑制输入信号高频抖振。     

基于DSAS算法的直升机贴地飞行在线航迹规划

通过改进优化传统A*算法,利用动态稀疏A*搜索(DSAS)算法在线设计了直升机贴地飞行轨迹.该算法采用逆向搜索方式规划航迹,在遇到新生探测威胁时,只需局部调整受到影响的航迹,减少了重新规划的范围,提高了搜索效率.此外,在生成节点时考虑了直升机性能及飞行约束,优化了搜索范围;并且根据影响贴地飞行航迹性能的各种因素,设计了航迹代价计算方法;利用层次分析法结合专家分析计算得到最优代价权值.仿真结果表明,该方法在线设计的飞行轨迹能够较全面地满足避障、贴地功能,相比稀疏A*搜索(SAS)算法节省了计算时间.     

不同冶炼工艺对1Cr18Ni10Ti钢夹杂物的影响

通过试验研究了1Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢的4种冶炼工艺:真空感应+电渣重熔、真空感应(陶瓷过滤器)、真空感应(陶瓷过滤器)+电渣重熔、真空感应+真空自耗,得到钢锭中夹杂物的种类、大小以及数量的变化.对比试验结果可知,采用真空感应(陶瓷过滤器)冶炼工艺与真空感应+真空自耗之后的钢锭的夹杂物水平相当,D类夹杂物数量最少,大颗粒夹杂物占比也最小.     

New results and questions of lunar exploration from SELENE,Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS

The moon has longstanding questions such as lunar environments, origin, formation and evolution, magnetization of crustal rocks, internal structure and possible life. The recent lunar missions, e.g., SELenological and ENgineering Explorer “KAGUYA” (SELENE), Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LRO/LCROSS), have provided new opportunities to explore and understand these issues. In this paper, we reviewed and presented the results and findings in the fields of lunar gravity, magnetic field, atmosphere, surface geomorphology and compositional variations, volcano, craters, internal structure, water and life science from new lunar exploration missions. In addition, the new objectives and scientific questions on lunar explorations in near future are presented and discussed.     

高精度UT1-UTC差分预报方法研究

针对卫星导航所需的高精度地球定向参数(EOP)中的UT1-UTC预报问题,提出了基于双差分LS+AR的UT1-UTC参数预报方法。对UT1-UTC观测数据进行跳秒检测、固体地球带谐潮汐项改正,然后对改正后的UT1-UTC数据进行双差分处理,增强数据平稳性;采用最小二乘拟合(LS)与自回归(AR)分析方法对差分处理后的数据进行分析与预报;对预报结果进行逆差分处理与潮汐项改正外推、跳秒恢复,获取高精度的UT1-UTC预报值。通过与国际EOP_PCC预报结果对比表明,UT1-UTC短期预报精度与EOP_PCC较优的预报精度相当,其中1天UT1-UTC预报精度优于0.03ms,优于EOP_PCC预报结果。介绍了北京航天飞行控制中心的UT1-UTC每日例行预报情况。     

Orbital phase spectroscopy of four high mass X-ray binary pulsars to study the stellar wind of the companion

Our work focuses on a comprehensive orbital phase-dependent spectroscopy of the four High Mass X-ray Binary Pulsars (HMXBPs) 4U 1538-52, GX 301-2, OAO 1657-415 and Vela X-1. We hereby report the measurements of the variation of the absorption column density and iron-line flux along with other spectral parameters over the binary orbit for the above-mentioned HMXBPs in elliptical orbits, as observed with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and the BeppoSAX satellites. A spherically symmetric wind profile was used as a model to compare the observed column density variations. Out of the four pulsars, only in 4U 1538-52, we find the model having a reasonable corroboration with the observations, whereas in the remaining three the stellar wind seems to be clumpy and a smooth symmetric stellar wind model appears to be quite inadequate in explaining the data. Moreover, in GX 301-2, neither the presence of a disk nor a gas stream from the companion was validated. Furthermore, the spectral results obtained in the case of OAO 1657-415 and Vela X-1 were more or less similar to that of GX 301-2.     

A Revisit of the Phobos Events

The magnetic field disturbances detected by the Phobos-2 spacecraft in 1989 have been suggested to be caused by a ring of dust and/or gas emitted from the Martian moon, Phobos. The physical nature of these ``Phobos events' is examined using results from related investigations over the last twenty years. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence at present to support the association of magnetic field disturbances in the solar wind with Phobos. The situation will be further clarified taking advantage of the multi-spacecraft observations of the Yinghuo-1(YH-1), Mars Express and MAVEN missions beginning in 2012. It is expected that many novel features of solar wind interaction with Phobos (and possibly also Deimos) itself will also be revealed.