旋翼跨音速非定常黏性绕流的高效CFD模拟方法

为提高旋翼跨音速黏性绕流CFD模拟的效率,建立了一套基于隐式LU-SGS算法和OpenMP并行策略的旋翼非定常流场高效数值求解方法。首先,基于二维剖面翼型的Poisson方程求解和网格插值、翻折方法生成绕桨叶的O-C-O型贴体正交网格,并采用高效的"扰动衍射"(Disturbance diffraction method,DDM)挖洞方法、并行化″Inverse map″(IM)的贡献单元搜索方法,构建了旋翼运动嵌套网格系统。在此基础上,以耦合S-A湍流模型的非定常RANS方程为主控方程,对流通量采用高精度的Roe-MUSCL格式进行离散,时间推进采用隐式LU-SGS双时间方法,同时采用OpenMP并行策略加速旋翼流场求解。最后,运用所建立的方法分别对悬停ONERA 7A旋翼、前飞Caradonna-Tung(C-T)旋翼无升力状态及SA349/2旋翼有升力状态的气动特性及涡尾迹特征进行了模拟,通过与试验值对比验证了文中方法在旋翼非定常流场CFD模拟中的有效性和高效性。     

LXI仪器的LAN设置及控制

在介绍了LXI仪器类型、Non Auto-MDIX含义、Agilent33220A函数发生器性能和功能的基础上,以33220A函数/任意波形发生器的LAN接口设置为例,描述了其LAN接口DHCP,Auto IP,IP Address,SubnetMask,Default Gateway,Host Name,Domain Name,DNS Server,Password等参数的含义、设置方法,介绍了充分利用其提供的接口功能,达到远程控制其输出的方法。该方法达到了通过GPIB控制函数/任意波形发生器的同样效果,利用其LAN接口组建分布式测试系统,对程序设计者具有较高的参考借鉴价值。     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

基于μC/OS-Ⅱ的串口通信在S3C2410A上的实现

文章在三星公司的嵌入式处理器S3C2410A为核心的硬件平台上,将嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ和μC/GUI在ARM9上整合实现,成功地实现了基于μC/OS-Ⅱ在S3C2410A上的双向串口通信功能。     

一种改进的频率步进雷达信号性能分析

在分析目标运动对频率步进信号一维距离像影响的基础上,提出了一种改进的频率步进信号,即参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号,研究了这种信号的数学模型和处理方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与频率步进信号相比,参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号的多普勒性能有了很明显的改善,一维距离像不会随目标的运动而产生失真。另外,根据参差脉冲重复间隔频率步进信号的特点,提出了利用距离微分法实现速度粗补偿和利用脉组误差函数法实现速度精补偿的方法和步骤,仿真结果证明,这两种方法是有效、稳健、可靠的。     

Spatial heterogeneity in the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior: Inferences from CHACE and LLRI on Chandrayaan-1

In the past, clues on the potential radiogenic activity of the lunar interior have been obtained from the isotopic composition of noble gases like Argon. Excess Argon (40) relative to Argon (36), as compared to the solar wind composition, is generally ascribed to the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior. Almost all the previous estimates were based on, ‘on-the-spot’ measurements from the landing sites. Relative concentration of the isotopes of ⁴⁰Ar and ³⁶Ar along a meridian by the Chandra’s Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE) experiment, on the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) of India’s first mission to Moon, has independently yielded clues on the possible spatial heterogeneity in the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior in addition to providing indicative ‘antiquity’ of the lunar surface along the ground track over the near side of the moon. These results are shown to broadly corroborate the independent topography measurements by the Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI) in the main orbiter Chandrayaan-1. The unique combination of these experiments provided high spatial resolution data while indicating the possible close linkages between the lunar interior and the lunar ambience.     

A point-wise least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations,using TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 observations

The Caspian Sea has displayed considerable fluctuations in its water level during the past century. Knowledge of such fluctuation is vital for understanding the local hydrological cycles, climate of the region, and construction activities within the sea and along its shorelines. This study established a point-wise satellite altimetry approach to monitor the fluctuations of the Caspian Sea using a complete dataset of TOPEX/Poseidon for the period 1993 to the middle of 2002, and its follow-on Jason-1 for the period 2002 to August 2009. Therefore, 280 virtual time-series were constructed to monitor the fluctuations. The least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) method is, then employed to find the most significant frequencies of the time-series, while the statistical method of principle component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the dominant variability of level variations. The study also used the observations of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 over the Volga River along with 5 years of Volga’s water discharge to study its influence on the Caspian Sea level changes. The LSSA results indicate that the lunar semidiurnal (M2) and the Sun semidiurnal (S2) frequencies are the main tidal frequencies of the Caspian Sea with the mean amplitude of 4.2 and 2.8 cm, respectively. A statistically significant long-term frequency (12.5-years period) is also found from altimetry and tide gauge observations. A phase lag, related to the inter-annual frequencies of the Volga River was detected from the point-wise time-series showing level propagation from the northwest to the southeast of the sea. The cross-correlation between the power spectrum of Volga and that of the northern-most, middle, and southern-most points within the Caspian Sea were respectively 0.63, 0.51 and 0.4 of zero-lag correlation, corroborating the influence of the Volga River. The result of PCA also shows that different parts of the Caspian Sea exhibit different amplitudes of level variations, indicating that the point-wise approach, when employing all available satellite measurements could be a suitable method for a preliminary monitoring of this inland water resource as it gives accurate local fluctuations.     

Experimental investigation on deformation behavior of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant subjected to principal stress rotation

The knowledge of mechanical properties of lunar soil is of fundamental importance for the coming exploration of the Moon. This paper aims to investigate the fundamental deformation behavior of lunar soil and the effects of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress during the principal stress rotation. First, an improved technique was proposed to generate homogeneous samples based on the Multi-layer Undercompaction Method. Second, three series of tests on TJ-1 lunar soil simulant under the principal stress rotation were performed with a hollow cylinder apparatus at Tongji University, China. In each series of tests, only one value of the three variables mentioned above was changed while the others were kept constant. The test results demonstrate that the rotation of principal stress can result in significant plastic deformation, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality (non-coincidence of the increment direction of principal plastic strain with the principal stress direction) of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant. In addition, it is found that the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress have different influences on the four strain components, i.e. _εz,_εr,_εθ${\epsilon }_z\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\text{r}}\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\theta }$ and _γzθ${\gamma }_{z\theta }$, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality during the principal stress rotation. The influence of deviatoric stress ratio is relatively stronger than the others. Therefore, the influence of principal stress rotation on the deformation behavior of lunar soil should be taken into account carefully in the design and construction of facilities on the lunar surface in the future.     

嫦娥一号卫星撞月时刻与坐标精确分析

针对CE-1卫星精确的撞月时刻与撞月点坐标,首先通过探测器载波信号的本地相关处理技术,精确分析了载波信号在VLBI各测站的消失时刻,进而推算了卫星的撞月时刻;通过实时单向多普勒频移测量的事后分析,核实了卫星撞月过程中的飞行姿态演化;最后结合VLBI互相关时延与测距资料,经定位归算确定撞月点坐标。分析表明,CE-1卫星撞月时刻的误差为±5μs,撞月点坐标月面切向和三维定位误差分别约为0.274km和0.319km(1σ)。