7075Al/SiCp复合材料热压缩变形的研究

采用圆柱试样在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对7075Al／SiCp复合材料进行高温压缩变形实验，变形温度为300-500℃，应变速率为0．001-1s^-1。结果表明：7075Al／SiCp复合材料的流变应力大小受变形温度和应变速率的强烈影响，流变应力随应变的增加而逐渐增加，出现一峰值后逐渐下降；流变应力随变形温度的升高，应变速率的降低而降低。可用Zener—Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述7075Al／SiCp复合材料高温压缩变形流变应力，其变形激活能Q为279．659KJ/mol。     

从前起落架舱门故障看A320起落架系统安全活门的作用

通过对一例疑难故障的分析,把对于A320起落架系统内的安全活门的作用的认识与大家分享,希望日后能够对相关系统的维修排故工作有所帮助。     

一种基于频移补偿的apFFT相位估计改进方法及应用

全相位快速傅里叶变换（all phase Fast Fourier Transform,apFFT)相位一致性特点使正弦信号相位估计不受频率估计影响,但由于频谱泄露和栅栏效应,apFFT相位估计性能受信号频率位置影响。针对该问题,提出了一种基于高精度频率估计和补偿的apFFT相位估计方法。首先,对信号进行高精度频率估计,并以此对信号进行频移补偿,然后对补偿信号进行apFFT,最后求解信号相位。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明：所提算法的相位估计性能不受信号频率位置影响,相位估计误差性能与理论值一致,受两参数克拉美罗界（CRLB₂）约束,约为1.158 2倍的CRLB₂;相位估计性能和抗噪声能力明显优于经典apFFT算法和其他对比算法。更进一步,利用我国首次火星探测器TW-1（天问一号）近火捕获段干涉测量数据进行算法验证,结果表明：相位估计精度约4 mrad,干涉测量时延估计精度约50 ps。     

Validation on MERSI/FY-3A precipitable water vapor product

The precipitable water vapor is one of the most active gases in the atmosphere which strongly affects the climate. China's second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A equipped with a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is able to detect atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, water vapor data from AERONET, radiosonde and MODIS were used to validate the accuracy of the MERSI water vapor product in the different seasons and climatic regions of East Asia. The results show that the values of MERSI water vapor product are relatively lower than that of the other instruments and its accuracy is generally lower. The mean bias (MB) was ?0.8 to ?12.7?mm, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.2–17.0?mm, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied from 31.8% to 44.1%. On the spatial variation, the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product in a descending order was from North China, West China, Japan -Korea, East China, to South China, while the seasonal variation of accuracy was the best for winter, followed by spring, then in autumn and the lowest in summer. It was found that the errors of MERSI water vapor product was mainly due to the low accuracy of radiation calibration of the MERSI absorption channel, along with the inaccurate look-up table of apparent reflectance and water vapor within the water vapor retrieved algorithm. In addition, the surface reflectance, the mixed pixels of image cloud, the humidity and temperature of atmospheric vertical profile and the haze were also found to have affected the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product.     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

采用阵列天线的GPS接收机的多径抑制方法

提出一种新的用于阵列天线GPS接收机的多径抑制方法。考虑到通常GPS视线信号的来波方向与多径的来波方向不同,在每个导航数据符号位内测距（C/A）码重复,通过对阵列接收的信号矢量与它本身的延迟信号矢量互相关,提高接收机前端信噪比,再利用最大特征值法和前后向空间平滑技术准确地估计期望卫星视线信号（LOSS）的来波方向。最后综合多个GSC子阵列有效地降低了相关多径对码跟踪精度的影响。仿真结果显示,该方法能使接收机在与LOSS码同步前准确估计LOSS的角度信息,有效抑制相关多径,且鉴相结果准确。     

Observations of non-migrating tides and ionospheric perturbations of O(D) airglow by ISUAL instrument

In this paper, we present the spatial variations of O(¹D) airglow observed by the ISUAL (Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning) instrument on board the FORMOSAT-2 satellite. With a CCD camera and a 630 nm filter, ISUAL can measure global atmospheric emissions lying between the heights of 80 and 300 km. In days of 3–6 September 2008 and 25–27 February 2009, ISUAL has measured the emissions of O(¹D) airglow with results showing strong longitudinal peak-3 and peak-4 structures. The Lomb-Scargle analyses for these two cases show periods of longitudes of 120° and 90° supporting the DE2 and DE3 non-migrating tides. The 630 nm emissions are enhanced in equatorial regions and are lying along the equator. Over Africa its intensity can sometimes increase up to 80% relative to other longitudes. The perturbation is so strong that non-migrating tides are erased. A case of bimodal distribution with strong emissions at latitudes in equator and mid-latitude in geographic coordinates was observed.     

The effect of spatial truncation error on variance of gravity anomalies derived from inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data

The spatial truncation error (STE) is a significant systematic error in the integral inversion of satellite gradiometric and orbital data to gravity anomalies at sea level. In order to reduce the effect of STE, a larger area than the desired one is considered in the inversion process, but the anomalies located in its central part are selected as the final results. The STE influences the variance of the results as well because the residual vector, which is contaminated with STE, is used for its estimation. The situation is even more complicated in variance component estimation because of its iterative nature. In this paper, we present a strategy to reduce the effect of STE on the a posteriori   variance factor and the variance components for inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data to gravity anomalies at sea level. The idea is to define two windowing matrices for reducing this error from the estimated residuals and anomalies. Our simulation studies over Fennoscandia show that the differences between the 0.5°×0.5°$0.5°\times 0.5°$ gravity anomalies obtained from orbital data and an existing gravity model have standard deviation (STD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10.9 and 12.1 mGal, respectively, and those obtained from gradiometric data have 7.9 and 10.1 in the same units. In the case that they are combined using windowed variance components the STD and RMSE become 6.1 and 8.4 mGal. Also, the mean value of the estimated RMSE after using the windowed variances is in agreement with the RMSE of the differences between the estimated anomalies and those obtained from the gravity model.     

A320飞机在低速滑行中滑偏的处理

A320系列飞机在运行中有时会出现低速滑行时滑偏的现象,给航班的安全、正点运行带来了很大的压力.本文分析了引起滑偏的原因,给出针对此类故障的快速处理建议及排故方法,以期节省排除此类故障的时间,对缓解航班运行压力提供帮助.     

深空探测器被动式高精度多普勒测量方法与应用

针对深空探测器的单程多普勒测量需求,研究了被动式高精度多普勒测量方法及其实现技术。该方法基于探测器测控信标残留载波等点频信号和VLBI测站高精度氢原子钟频标,构造出与实际接收信号频率接近的参考信号;再通过本地相关处理,完成高精度开环多普勒测量。其特色在于完全不需要精确的先验轨道模型。所开发的专用被动式多普勒测量设备,在国内第一次成功用于欧空局环火星探测器“MEX”的多普勒测定轨试验。探测器X频段信号5s积分的单程多普勒测量精度达到 0.2mm/s ,与欧空局测量水平相当。采用该多普勒测量数据的MEX定轨结果与欧空局精密轨道在数百米至千米量级一致。