彩色三维激光快速成型技术的研究

目前逆向工程采用线结构激光和一个彩色面阵CCD摄像机构成三维彩色扫描系统,彩色CCD摄像机分两次对被测物体成像,首先摄取物体的彩色图片,然后加用滤光片再摄取激光光平面上的三维信息.最后将两次获取的信息重叠,便可得到三维彩色信息.提出了激光光平面方程式三维测量方法,建立了相应的数学模型.研制成一套适用于彩色逆向工程流程,并进行了实验研究,给出了实验结果.     

线性摩擦焊设备的振动测量和分析

针对线性摩擦焊设备焊接误差较大的问题，采用参数记录系统和加速度传感器测量了设备多个部位的振动幅度，并设计了高刚度顶锻滑台，为线性摩擦焊设备优化结构设计、减小振动以提高焊接精度提供了参考。     

大厚度比零件（外侧）和波纹管（内侧）的缝焊研究

某重点型号波纹管组合件的设计要求是缝焊，对照以往产品的结构，比较明显的情况是波纹管在零件的内侧。零件的厚度是3mm，波纹管的厚度是0.1mm，零件与波纹管的厚度比比较大。波纹管在零件的内侧会产生一个问题：波纹管在焊接过程中会逐渐收缩，到最后与零件之间产生间隙，导致局部形不成焊缝。研究通过减小车配间隙,增加冷却手段、滚轮厚度和压力等措施来实现大厚度比的零件和波纹管之间的缝焊。     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.     

A shortcut to marking 3D target curves on curved surface via a galvanometric laser scanner

Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.     

激光器性能综合测试设备研制

介绍了激光器的主要性能指标,根据实际需要进行了激光性能测试设备的研究,提出了一种周全的激光性能测试设备研制方案,对该设备的结构设计、光路设计、以及测试方法作了详尽论述。设备中利用两对相互垂直的P分光镜和S分光镜以补偿偏振光在45°面上透反射率不同而造成的测量误差,进一步保证了激光能量测试的准确性。误差分析结果表明该设备满足实际应用中对激光器性能的测试要求。     

TC4钛合金静止轴肩和传统搅拌摩擦焊的温度场对比

基于有限元软件ABAQUS对6mm厚的TC4钛合金传统及静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊温度场进行了有限元模拟.结果表明,对比传统搅拌摩擦焊接,静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接具有较小的高温区,前进方向上具有较大的温度梯度,厚度方向上呈现柱状椭球形分布,上、下表面温度峰值差异较小,具有重叠性较好的热循环曲线.     

无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法的对比研究

对三种无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法进行了对比研究,详细分析了各种方案的标定原理,提出了利用标准差作为评价标定方法优劣的指标.结合对某一激光陀螺捷联惯组标定试验结果的分析,得到了在无北向基准的情况下,三种标定方法在标定时间和标定精度两个指标上的对比结果,为无定向激光捷联惯组的标定提供了指导,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

Al/Ni含能多层膜在Al2O3陶瓷/不锈钢焊接中的应用

采用磁控溅射设备,生长AuSn合金做焊料层、Al/Ni含能多层膜做热量提供层,实现了不锈钢和Al_2O_3间的异质材料自蔓延高温扩散焊。利用SEM、XRD和DSC等测试手段表征AuSn合金和Al/Ni含能多层膜的微观形貌、相成分和放热量;用万能试验机测试焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,AuSn合金的质量比基本达到80∶20,而多层膜的层状结构清晰,反应热达到1 239 J/g。焊接实验结果表明,仅使用AuSn焊料时,剪切强度仅为46 MPa,在增加Al/Ni含能多层膜后,其剪切强度可达90 MPa,强度提高了约一倍。焊接接头的界面显微形貌和相结构研究表明,剪切强度的增强主要是Al/Ni多层膜提供了额外能量使得界面处的反应剧烈,陶瓷金属化层与中间层的反应加剧,形成了新的反应生成物。     

编队卫星的状态测量方法综述及可行的高精度星间基线测量方案研究

基线高精度测量是编队卫星应用需要解决的关键技术之一。针对这个问题,文章从3个方面进行了阐述。首先,综述目前国内外常用的编队卫星状态测量手段,然后在前面分析的基础上,结合编队卫星基线的表示方法和卫星编队飞行的特点,提出了2种可行的基线激光测量方案,并对它们各自的测量精度进行了简单地分析。从分析的结果来看,这2种方法均能实现高精度的基线测量。