月面热环境的反演研究

以嫦娥三号巡视器月面日食期间非稳态的温度遥测数据为基础,通过建立月壤及巡视器的传热模型,反演了日食期间月面温度的变化,并给出了符合巡视器温度遥测的月壤热物性参数取值范围。在此基础上,对月面热环境进行了分析研究。结果表明,本文反演的月壤平均导热系数大于常见取值,而比热却明显小于常见取值。采用反演的热物性值计算的月表温度与之前认识相符,但对月壤内部热环境有新发现,其温度梯度相对减小而恒温层厚度则明显增大。     

TiCp/ZA-12复合材料凝固时TiCp的行为

利用XD法与搅拌铸造技术相结合的工艺制备TiCp/ZA-12复合材料，采用常规凝固与定向凝固的技术研究增强粒子TiCp在凝固界面的行为，结果表明，常规凝固条件下，TiC含量较低时，颗粒主要分布于共晶相内，TiC含量较高时，颗粒不仅存在于共晶相内，也存在初生相内，定向凝固条件下，由于初生相对TiC的排斥作用使TiCp/ZA-12复合材料凝固组织中存在TiC聚集的带状组织，TiCp在带状组织中的聚集程度与TiC含量有关，随TiCp含量增加，聚集程度减小，当TiCp含量超过6％后，聚集带已不明显。     

LY12铝合金疲劳损伤的非线性超声检测

针对LY12铝合金材料的早期疲劳损伤问题,研究发展了一套可靠的超声非线性系数测量实验系统,利用该系统离线测量了LY12铝合金疲劳试件的超声非线性系数.实验结果表明,在未达到60％左右疲劳寿命时,超声非线性系数对LY12铝合金材料的早期疲劳损伤有很高的灵敏度.同时利用浸蚀法观察了LY12硬铝疲劳试件的位错密度变化,超声非线性系数和位错密度随疲劳周次的变化近似一致,表明超声非线性效应与晶体中的位错有关,超声非线性系数可以表征晶体材料内部位错的变化,进而预测金属材料的疲劳寿命.     

对流换热对ZrO_2-8%Y_2O_3涂层系统力学性能的影响

为了研究等离子喷涂ZrO2-8%(质量分数)Y2O3热障涂层系统在对流换热过程中的力学性能,以涡轮机叶片热障涂层为分析对象,结合传热学理论,通过热-结构耦合有限元计算方法对涂层与环境换热过程进行模拟仿真,重点分析换热系数以及升温速率对叶片残余应力演变的影响。研究结果表明,涂层上表面对流换热系数越大,在升温结束时残余应力越大。对流换热系数固定时,随着升温速率的提高,最大残余应力先增大再减小,给出了对流换热系数以及升温速率的合理区域。     

Observations of ionospheric irregularities and its correspondence with sporadic e occurrence over South Korea and Japan

This study analyzed the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities over South Korea and Japan (mid-latitudes) during the years 2010–2015. The irregularities were quantified using the rate of change of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI), which detects irregularities with scale sizes in the range of 400 m–2.5 km. The ROTI threshold for an ionospheric irregularity to have occurred was set as 0.1 TECU/min. Results showed that ionospheric irregularities mostly occur during night-time and around local noon-time in the seasons of spring and summer. In addition, the percentage of ionospheric irregularities had a high positive correlation with solar flux (F10.7) (r > 0.72). For the first time, we showed good correspondence between ionospheric irregularities measured by the ROTI index and sporadic E (Es). The median ROTI associated with ionospheric irregularities over a South Korea station (DAEJ) and a Japan station (KGNI) were 0.131 and 0.125 TECU/min, respectively. However, in severe cases of ionospheric irregularities, the ROTI values over DAEJ (KGNI) can reach 0.246 (0.217) and 0.314 (0.339) TECU/min during day and night, respectively. These critical ROTI values can be important in interpreting and monitoring ionospheric irregularity occurrence over South Korea and Japan.     

Characteristics of equatorial nighttime spread F – An analysis on season-longitude,solar activity and triggering causes

To understand global variability and triggering mechanisms of ionospheric nighttime equatorial spread F (ESF), we analyzed measurements from satellite and a ground-based GPS station for the years between 2010 and 2017. In this study we present seasonal-longitudinal as well as monthly variability of ESF occurrence for solar minimum and yearly variations of ESF occurrence for solar maximum and minimum periods. One of the long standing open questions in the study of ESF is what exactly initiates the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) plasma instability growth. This question is the focus of the present work. Zonal background eastward electric field and E × B upward plasma drift speed patterns are found to be critically important in understanding plasma irregularity formation. In addition to particular patterns observed on these parameters, the background plasma density in the local evening hours just before the onset of ESF occurrence is very important. Stronger plasma densities just before the onset of irregularities resulted in stronger plasma irregularities, while relatively less dense plasma just before the onset of irregularities resulted in relatively lower plasma irregularities. Seasonal variations in ESF activity between March and September equinox seasons with comparable plasma densities can be defined in terms of the rate of change of solar flux F10.7 (dF10.7/day) index. Strongest ESF occurrence and strongest dF10.7/day are measured in the same month out of all other months in 2016 and 2017. Longitudinal variations of ESF activity in our measurements are related to longitudinal variations of plasma densities. We also found that ESF occurrence is better correlated with rate of change of F10.7 index for months in equinox seasons than for months in solstice seasons for the years between 2013 and 2016.     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

Histogram-based ionogram displays and their application to autoscaling

A simple method is described for displaying and auto scaling the basic ionogram parameters foF2 and h’F2 as well as some additional layer parameters from digital ionograms. The technique employed is based on forming frequency and height histograms in each ionogram. This technique has now been applied specifically to ionograms produced by the IPS5D ionosonde developed and operated by the Australian Space Weather Service (SWS). The SWS ionograms are archived in a cleaned format and readily available from the SWS internet site. However, the method is applicable to any ionosonde which produces ionograms in a digital format at a useful signal-to-noise level. The most novel feature of the technique for autoscaling is its simplicity and the avoidance of the mathematical imaging and line fitting techniques often used. The program arose from the necessity to display many days of ionogram output to allow the location of specific types of ionospheric event such as ionospheric storms, travelling ionospheric disturbances and repetitive ionospheric height changes for further investigation and measurement. Examples and applications of the method are given including the removal of sporadic E and spread F.     

空间光学遥感器天然辐射效应数据库研究

空间环境是诱发卫星异常和故障的主要原因之一。光学遥感器作为卫星最重要的有效载荷之一，在空间会受到空间辐射环境的影响。因此在研制光学遥感器的同时，需要同时考虑空间辐射环境因素，文章就空间光学遥感器天然辐射效应数据库的设计和应用进行了介绍。     

K8E项目的管理控制评述

K8E工程是中国首次整机成套生产技术出口项目。其涉及面广、内容层次深、执行周期长、政治影响大、项目管理水平高。本文用项目的管理控制理论，对K8E工程项目的若干管理行为进行分析和评述。