Scalable Preparation of SrTiO3 Submicro-wires from Layered Titanate Nanowires

SrTiO3 submicro-wires were prepared by the reaction of layered titanate nanowires with Sr(OH)2 powder in an autoclave. The wires were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Ultra-violet visible (UV-vis), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD measurement shows that the prepared SrTiO3 submicro-wires hardly have impurity phases. The SEM and TEM images demonstrate that the scalable wires, which need to be proc- essed at the reaction temperature of 180 ℃ for about 48 hours, are not composed of single crystals. The PL shows that the wire-like SrTiO3 has emission peaks at the wavelengths of 568 and 585 nm. Further, the Raman spectroscopy reveals structural changes in the products through different reaction time.     

基于深度卷积网络的海洋涡旋检测模型

传统的利用遥感数据检测涡旋的方法通常是基于物理参数、几何特征、手工特征或专家知识。本文重点研究了基于深度学习技术从海表面高度图中识别海洋涡旋的方法。针对海洋卫星拍摄的海洋表面高度图中的涡旋检测问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的多涡旋检测模型,该模型能够准确提取涡旋的特征信息,拟合语义信息与海面高度之间的关系。同时,在用于涡旋检测的最新公开数据集SCSE-Eddy上进行模型训练,以评估基于人工智能的涡旋检测方法性能,该数据集涵盖了15年来位于中国南海及其东部部分海域的每日卫星遥感海表面高度数据。实验结果表明,与现有的方法相比,本文模型取得了更好的检测结果,能够更好地区分相距较近的涡旋。     

A novel visual attention method for target detection from SAR images

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imaging systems have been widely used in civil and military fields due to their all-weather and all-day abilities and various other advantages. However, due to image data exponentially increasing, there is a need for novel automatic target detection and recognition technologies. In recent years, the visual attention mechanism in the visual system has helped humans effectively deal with complex visual signals. In particular, biologically inspired top-down attention models have garnered much attention recently. This paper presents a visual attention model for SAR target detection, comprising a bottom-up stage and top-down process.In the bottom-up step, the Itti model is improved based on the difference between SAR and optical images. The top-down step fully utilizes prior information to further detect targets. Extensive detection experiments carried out on the benchmark Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition(MSTAR) dataset show that, compared with typical visual models and other popular detection methods, our model has increased ability and robustness for SAR target detection, under a range of Signal to Clutter Ratio(SCR) conditions and scenes. In addition, results obtained using only the bottom-up stage are inferior to those of the proposed method, further demonstrating the effectiveness and rationality of a top-down strategy. In summary, our proposed visual attention method can be considered a potential benchmark resource for the SAR research community.     

焊接接头典型缺陷的数字X射线尺寸测量技术

为了准确测量焊接接头典型缺陷的尺寸,提出了一种基于半波高法(HWH)的焊接接头缺陷数字射线尺寸测量技术。首先,分析了数字射线检测系统的调制传递函数(MTF),确定了检测系统的空间分辨率。其次,对焊接接头的典型缺陷进行模拟,通过半波高法测量其尺寸。结果表明:依据瑞利判据,运用双丝像质计测定该检测系统的空间分辨率为4.5 Lp/mm;运用该方法测量焊接接头缺陷尺寸,与实际尺寸基本相符,误差小于6.3%,该方法避免了人为因素的影响,精度可满足日常产品的检测需求。     

X射线脉冲星动态信号处理方法研究

X射线脉冲星导航是一种基于X射线脉冲星观测的新型天文自主导航方法,脉冲星在轨动态信号处理技术一直是脉冲星导航的难点和重点,特别是低轨高动态条件下的信号处理比高轨低动态情况更加困难。针对动态信号处理中实测数据信噪比偏低的问题,提出了一种适用于低轨高动态情况的脉冲星动态信号处理方法,并对其原理进行了分析,建立了相关数学模型,并使用HXMT卫星和XPNAV-1卫星的实测数据验证了算法性能,实验结果表明:该方法有效提高了导航观测量处理精度。     

太阳X射线耀斑特征参数预报方法研究

太阳耀斑是重要的空间天气事件, 有关太阳耀斑参数的预报对于电离层突然骚扰(SID)影响的评估具有实用意义. 本文采用GOES-8卫星上第23太阳周软X射线通量的数据, 通过数值拟合的方法对X级耀斑强度的峰值以及X级耀斑的结束时间进行预测. 利用这种方法对第23太阳周中的X级耀斑进行分析, 最多可以提前17min预测出X级耀斑的峰值, 在预测X级耀斑结束时间时, 预测的X级耀斑结束时间最多可以提前60min左右, 从预报结果来看, 预报方法具有一定的有效性和实用性.      

Spiral eddies in the Baltic,Black and Caspian seas as seen by satellite radar data

Despite spiral eddies were first seen on the sea surface more than 40 years ago, there is still a lot of uncertainty concerning these eddies. The present paper is aimed to provide the comprehensive results on the occurrence and statistics of small-scale eddies in the three inner seas (the Baltic, Black and Caspian) using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The dataset used includes over 2000 medium resolution Envisat ASAR and ERS-2 SAR images obtained in 2009–2010 in the different parts of the seas mentioned. As a result of the analysis performed ∼14,000 vortical structures were detected. 71% of them were visualized due to surfactant films (“black” eddies), while 29% due to wave/current interactions (“white” eddies). Practically all the eddies detected were cyclonically rotating. Their diameter was within 1–20 km. Characteristic size of the “black” eddies in all the basins was discovered to be less than that of the “white” eddies. Characteristic eddy size for the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas proved to be strictly proportional to the values of the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation typical for these basins. The “black” eddies did not demonstrate a significant connection with the basin- and meso-scale surface circulation of the seas. Most of the “white” eddies detected were attributed to the zones with the most intense drift currents, i.e. those along the western boundaries and (in the Baltic Sea only) in the elongated parts of the basin.     

Relationships between soil properties of the abandoned fields and spectral data derived from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER)

The structural transformation of Polish agriculture after 1989 has been leading to significant changes in land use. As a result a large part of formerly ploughed fields lies abandoned and they occur across considerable variability in soil typological units. Accurate information about soil conditions within the abandoned fields facilitates proper management in the new socio-economic situation. Such information can be collected using satellite images since the structure and condition of the vegetation growing on the abandoned fields reflects soil properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships between physical and chemical attributes of soil within the abandoned fields and spectral reflectance patterns recorded by ASTER sensors onboard Terra Satellite. Soil samples were collected at five abandoned fields which have not been ploughed since 2000 and analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and chemical properties. Nine ASTER nearly cloud-free pictures were used for this study in order to derive the remote-sensing attributes of the abandoned fields. In order to evaluate the relationships between soil fertility and remotely sensed data, partial least-squares (PLS) and a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis between these two datasets were carried out. In the regression analysis, only soil TEB (total exchangeable bases) stock in the whole profile displayed the highest correlation with remotely sensed data acquired in April and May and the best predictors were NDVI and LSWI vegetation indices.     

细缝裁减和非均匀映射结合的图像自适应方法

采用将细缝裁减和非均匀映射相结合的图像尺寸自适应框架,提出了一种基于内容的图像重要信息变形的度量方法.首先提取原始图像的重要性像素点,利用细缝裁减去掉一条像素细缝后,相应的重要性像素点会被更新.对于图像中保留的重要性像素点,计算它们的子图像平均偏差(ADSI,Average Difference of Sub Images);对于被移除的重要性像素点,计算它们的平均丢失能量(ALE,Average Lost Energy).通过ADSI和ALE可计算出重要信息变形的度量函数(IIDF,Important Information Deformation Function)的值,通过分析IIDF的趋势得到细缝裁减的终止条件,然后改用非均匀映射方法(non-homogeneous warping)将图像自适应到目标尺寸.实验结果证明,新方法处理的结果图像重要区域变形较小,并且计算效率比较高.     

Nitric oxide density enhancements due to solar flares

A differential emission measure technique is used to determine flare spectra using solar observations from the soft X-ray instruments aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics and Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellites. We examine the effect of the solar flare soft X-ray energy input on the nitric oxide (NO) density in the lower thermosphere. The retrieved spectrum of the 28 October 2003 X18 flare is input to a photochemical thermospheric NO model to calculate the predicted flare NO enhancements. Model results are compared to Student Nitric Oxide Explorer Ultraviolet Spectrometer observations of this flare. We present results of this comparison and show that the model and data are in agreement. In addition, the NO density enhancements due to several flares are studied. We present results that show large solar flares can deposit the same amount of 0.1–2 and 0.1–7 nm energy to the thermosphere during a relatively short time as the Sun normally deposits in one day. The NO column density nearly doubles when the daily integrated energy above 5 J m⁻² is doubled.