利用图像相关法精确测量3D-CT成像系统焦距

对于实际的3D-CT成像系统,射线源焦点和物体旋转轴中心的位置不能直接测量,如何采取简单易行的方法精确测量二者之间的距离(即系统焦距)成为一项工程技术难点.通过双圆目标体二次成像获得射线数字成像(DR,Digital Radiography)图像,对各DR图像进行自相关处理,获得双圆投影中心距,再通过解析方法求解出系统焦距值.实验结果表明,测量精度达到了实际扫描系统的重建要求.该方法实现简单, 具有较强的抗噪能力,可实现自动测量.      

高光谱图像压缩感知投影与复合正则重构

压缩感知理论提供了一种新的数据获取和压缩思路,能有效地把计算负担从编码端转移到解码端。高光谱数据具备数据稀疏性、空间相关性和谱间相关性,结合这3类先验知识,提出了一种基于复合正则化的高光谱图像压缩感知投影与重构方法。该方法的编码端只需要一个简单的投影操作;在重构算法实现中,基于变量分裂的思想,把具备多个正则项的优化问题转化成多个简单的优化问题,并用迭代方式求解。实验结果表明,本文算法在高光谱图像重构上能获得更高的峰值信噪比和更好的重构效果。该方法具备极低的编码复杂度,适用于资源受限的机载和星载高光谱成像平台。     

X射线法测试钛合金结构件残余应力的适用性研究

利用四点弯曲机加载的钛合金板材试样及高应力钛合金标样模拟结构件表面测试状态,研究X射线法测试复杂钛合金构件表面残余应力的适用性。结果表明:表面曲率及β角扫描范围对测试结果影响不显著;径向测试面倾角大于20°时测试重复性急剧变差,超过30°时结果不可使用,轴向测试面测试结果随倾角增大而减小,30°时减小超过20%。     

虚拟现实中的增强虚境技术

增强虚境技术在基于图形的建模与绘制(GBMR)框架下利用基于图像的建模与绘制(IBMR)方法描述复杂对象及加速场景绘制,可以解决虚拟现实研究中逼真绘制与实时显示间的矛盾.将国内外增强虚境方面的最新研究成果按融入合成场景中图像对象包含几何信息的比例划分成3大类,分别是在合成场景中融入纯图像对象、融入部分几何信息的图像对象及利用IBMR方法加速场景绘制,介绍了3类工作中新的研究成果,分析了这些成果的基本原理、方法、过程和优缺点,提出了该领域技术发展面临的5大问题及可能的解决方法．      

基于X射线脉冲星的深空探测自主导航方法

自主导航是实现深空探测任务的关键技术,基于X射线脉冲星的导航方法可靠、稳定、精度高,不受近地空间的限制,为深空自主导航提供了全新的思路。文章分析了X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理,提出了脉冲到达时间预报算法和整周模糊度求解方法,基于最小二乘理论研究了位置估计算法。仿真算例表明该方法在脉冲星方位误差为0.001弧秒、脉冲到达时间测量误差为1μs的情况下,140d飞行时间中定位精度优于10km,且对初始误差不敏感,可以满足深空探测的导航需要。     

Thermodynamical Properties of the ICM from Hydrodynamical Simulations

Modern hydrodynamical simulations offer nowadays a powerful means to trace the evolution of the X-ray properties of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) during the cosmological history of the hierarchical build up of galaxy clusters. In this paper we review the current status of these simulations and how their predictions fare in reproducing the most recent X-ray observations of clusters. After briefly discussing the shortcomings of the self-similar model, based on assuming that gravity only drives the evolution of the ICM, we discuss how the processes of gas cooling and non-gravitational heating are expected to bring model predictions into better agreement with observational data. We then present results from the hydrodynamical simulations, performed by different groups, and how they compare with observational data. As terms of comparison, we use X-ray scaling relations between mass, luminosity, temperature and pressure, as well as the profiles of temperature and entropy. The results of this comparison can be summarised as follows: (a) simulations, which include gas cooling, star formation and supernova feedback, are generally successful in reproducing the X-ray properties of the ICM outside the core regions; (b) simulations generally fail in reproducing the observed “cool core” structure, in that they have serious difficulties in regulating overcooling, thereby producing steep negative central temperature profiles. This discrepancy calls for the need of introducing other physical processes, such as energy feedback from active galactic nuclei, which should compensate the radiative losses of the gas with high density, low entropy and short cooling time, which is observed to reside in the innermost regions of galaxy clusters.     

X-ray, γ-emission and energetic particles in near-Earth space as measured by CORONAS-F satellite: From maximum to minimum of the last solar cycle

The Russian solar observatory CORONAS-F was launched into a circular orbit on July 31, 2001 and operated until December 12, 2005. Two main aims of this experiment were: (1) simultaneous study of solar hard X-ray and γ-ray emission and charged solar energetic particles, (2) detailed investigation of how solar energetic particles influence the near-Earth space environment. The CORONAS-F satellite orbit allows one to measure both solar energetic particle dynamics and variations of the solar particle boundary penetration as well as relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation belt during and after magnetic storms. We have found that significant enhancements of relativistic electron flux in the outer radiation belt were observed not only during strong magnetic storms near solar maximum but also after weak storms caused by high speed solar wind streams. Relativistic electrons of the Earth’s outer radiation belt cause volumetric ionization in the microcircuits of spacecraft causing them to malfunction, and solar energetic particles form an important source of radiation damage in near-Earth space. Therefore, the present results and future research in relativistic electron flux dynamics are very important.     

低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金的高温氧化行为及Ta的合金化作用

对A l,Ta含量分别是6wt%A l,0wt%Ta;5wt%A l,4wt%Ta和6wt%A l,4wt%Ta三炉低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金进行了静态空气下1100℃/2m in~100h等温氧化试验,并对剥落氧化皮和合金试片表面氧化层进行X射线衍射分析,对氧化后的试片表面及横切面进行光学金相、定量金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析。结果表明:低Cr高W镍基高温合金的早期氧化主要表现为富难熔元素相MC,M6C碳化物和α(W,Mo)相的优先选择性氧化。6wt%A l,0wt%Ta合金和6wt%A l,4wt%Ta的合金经1100℃/100h氧化后的最终主要氧化产物均包含N iO,N iA l2O4和N iWO4,此外合金中还分别存在少量的N iNb2O6和N i(Ta,Nb)2O6。合金的氧化动力学曲线遵循分段抛物线规律。A l量相同的情况下,Ta的加入通过增加共晶γ’量和减缓自由态硫对抗氧化的有害作用从而减少合金的氧化增重和延缓氧化皮剥落,提高合金的抗氧化能力。6wt%A l,0wt%Ta的合金与5wt%A l,4wt%Ta的合金具有相当的高温抗氧化能力,仅从高温抗氧化性能考虑,可以考虑以A l代Ta。     

基于X射线脉冲星的新型卫星天文导航

基于X射线脉冲星导航（XNAV）是一种新型的卫星自主导航技术。使用卫星上的相位测量值和脉冲星钟预报的相位值,可以确定卫星的位置和速度。由探测到的脉冲相位,计算出沿着脉冲星视线方向的卫星相对于地心的距离。同时测量三颗脉冲星,就可以计算出卫星在惯性系下的位置。结合距离测量方程和轨道动力学,设计了广义卡尔曼滤波算法。仿真验证表明,该导航算法能实现卫星的精确导航,定轨精度在百米以内。此外还分析了影响导航性能的因素。     

铝锂合金激光焊T型接头残余应力分布特征

分别采用激光焊、激光填丝焊、MIG焊等焊接方法对5A90铝锂合金T型接头进行焊接,然后采用X射线衍射法对其进行残余应力测量,获得了T型接头垂直于焊缝方向不同位置处的残余应力分布,并分析了不同焊接方法对其残余应力分布规律的影响。