高超声速数值激波失稳的网格依赖性

高超声速强激波的稳定捕捉仍极具挑战性。目前工程计算中普遍应用的数值格式在模拟多维强激波时通常会遭遇明显的激波不稳定现象,且数值格式的激波稳定性对计算网格表现出严重的依赖性。基于矩阵稳定性分析法,对比了具有不同耗散性质的数值格式稳定捕捉激波的能力,分析了空间二阶精度格式的激波稳定性及限制器对激波稳定性的影响。在此基础上,重点探究了计算网格对激波稳定性的影响规律,研究了网格长宽比和畸变角度对激波稳定性的影响。结果显示,在激波附近通过增大网格长宽比或改变网格畸变角度可有效改善激波捕捉的稳定性;相比于增大网格长宽比,改变网格畸变角度提升激波捕捉稳定性的效果更加明显。在此基础上,结合数值耗散分析对高马赫数下数值激波失稳现象的网格依赖性机制进行了探讨。     

实压管道内天然气体积流量的PIV测试

利用PIV测试技术对DN100天然气水平管道内0.8MPa下的实流流场进行测试研究,得到旋度场、速度矢量场等.以实测速度矢量场的空间平均值拟合出圆管横截面上的主流速度分布并积分求得管流截面上的瞬时积分流量.试验通过连续测量发现了流场的瞬时流量存在明显的脉动特征;而在较长周期内采集到的瞬时流量呈正态分布,其平均值与声速喷嘴流量一致,测量精度与超声流量计相当.测试结果显示:该PIV系统可以用于体积流量计量,而较长周期内的瞬时流量均值可以作为标准流量.     

转子径距比对燃料电池气体循环泵性能的影响

为了揭示径距比对凸轮式气体循环泵的气动性能的影响规律，通过坐标变换推导了3叶的圆弧-渐开线-圆弧转子型线方程，建立6种不同径距比的气体循环泵模型进行对比分析。采用重整化k-ε（RNG k-ε）湍流模型对转子腔内部进行三维非定常数值计算，结合动网格技术分析转子径距比对气体循环泵流量特性、转子腔速度分布的影响规律，并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明：转子径距比对气体循环泵性能影响较为明显，随着转子径距比由1.34增大到1.45，泵出口平均流量与瞬时流量脉动呈上升趋势，且在1.38~1.40时变化较为明显，平均流量增大了0.001 833 m³/s（15.8%）；转子径距比在1.38~1.40时，转子受力较好，对转子径向激励力分量F_x的抑制较为明显，对转子径向激励力分量F_y的影响不显著；随径距比变化，转子腔内涡量分布变化较为明显，转子径距比在1.40时，转子腔内涡量分布较小，有效抑制了气体回流。     

充气式蓄能器参数选型方法研究

容积和预充气压力是充气式蓄能器的关键参数，对其动态性能（工作状态下，其压力与流量的输出性能）有较大影响。以某型飞机舵面应急型充气式蓄能器计算选型为例，基于Hypneu 仿真软件中的液压元件库，结合该型飞机液压系统的主要设计参数以及应急型蓄能器的工作原理，建立蓄能器作动仿真模型；在Hypneu中设置测试点记录仿真曲线，通过分析仿真曲线探究充气式蓄能器的关键参数对其动态性能的影响；结合理论计算与仿真分析，提出一套蓄能器参数选型方法，并通过试验验证该选型方法。结果表明：蓄能器的预充气压力越大，初始蓄能器输出的有效容积越小，减少预充气压力增加有效容积的同时会降低蓄能器的输出压力，试验结果与仿真结果接近，使用该方法选型的蓄能器可以满足作动要求。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al激光诱导氧化辅助铣削研究

为了解决高体积分数的SiC_p/Al复合材料在常规切削加工中存在切削力大、刀具磨损快、表面完整性差等问题。本文针对高体积分数SiC_p/Al材料开展激光诱导氧化辅助铣削技术研究，通过激光辐照铣削区域形成易于去除的疏松氧化层提高切削性能，同时开展氧化层调控策略及激光诱导氧化辅助下的铣削参数优化工艺研究，研究不同激光能量密度、辅助气体对氧化层质量的影响及铣削参数优化。结果表明随激光能量密度的增大热影响区宽度和烧蚀沟槽深度随之增加，在氧气辅助下易形成疏松且易于去除氧化层。选取较高的激光能量密度可获得较好的氧化效果，而使用PCD金刚石铣刀，主轴转速为10 000 r/min，在每齿进给量为7.5 μm /s可获得最佳表面质量。     

离心式喷嘴内部流动的LES/VOF 数值模拟

针对最大流量原理法在进行小流量、大粘性离心式雾化喷嘴设计中存在的不足,文章采用大涡模拟与流体体积法相结合的方法对离心式喷嘴内部流动过程进行了非定常三维数值模拟,得到了喷嘴整个工作过程的内部流场结构,并与单相流场进行了对比,分析了单相流场与两相流场结构存在的差异,以及存在差异的原因;同时对喷嘴内稳定雾化过程、压力场分布、速度场分布进行了分析,较好地反映了离心式喷嘴的内部流场特性。研究结果表明,喷雾过程具有非定常性、喷嘴低压及中空区与两相分布相关、分析推断适当增加喷口段长度能够减小出口液膜厚度等,为离心式喷嘴的设计与改进提供了一些有用的积累。     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.     

Coupled evolution of piston asperity and cylinder bore contour of piston/cylinder pair in axial piston pump

The wear condition of the piston/cylinder pair is crucial to the performance and reliability of the axial piston pump. The hard piston surface, the soft cylinder bore surface, and the interface oil film affects each other during the wear process. Specifically, in the mixed lubrication region, the geometry of the hard piston surface asperity directly affects the wear of soft cylinder bore surface, while the asperities may deform or even degrade when penetrating and sliding against the cylinder bore. So far, there is no suitable method to simulate their coupled evolution. This paper proposed a wear process simulation model considering the real-time interaction between the elasto-plastic deformation of the piston surface asperity, the wear contour of the cylinder bore, and the lubrication condition of the interface. An offline library of the elasto-plastic constitutive behavior of the asperity based on the finite element method (FEM) is established as a part of the simulation model to precisely analyze the deformation and degradation of the asperity and quickly invoke them in the numerical wear process simulation. The simulation and experimental results show that the piston asperity and the cylinder bore contour converge to a steady state after running-in for about 0.5 h. The distribution of the simulated asperity degradation and wear depth is also verified by the experiment.