航天器空间环境干扰力矩分析与仿真研究

针对航天器在轨运行时所受到的空间环境干扰力矩进行建模分析,并通过实时解算和矢量叠加的方式进行仿真研究,尤其对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩的建模与仿真提出了新的方法,该方法通过建立光照面与迎风面的判断准则,准确地对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩进行了估计。对各种空间环境干扰力矩的精确建模与仿真为航天器精确姿态控制设计及系统姿态控制方案和控制执行机构的选取提供了依据,文中提出的方法简单易用,工程实现性强,为未来的工程应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.     

Mechanical wear debris feature,detection, and diagnosis: A review

Mechanical debris is an important product of friction wear, which is also a crucial approach to know the running status of a machine. Many studies have been conducted on mechanical debris in related fields such as tribology, instrument, and diagnosis. This paper presents a comprehensive review of these studies, which summarizes wear mechanisms (e.g., abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and adhesive wear) and debris features (e.g., concentration (number), size, morphology, and composition), analyzes detection methods principles (e.g., offline: spectrograph and ferrograph, and online: optical method, inductive method, resistive-capacitive method, and acoustic method), reviews developments of online inductive methods, and investigates the progress of debris-based diagnosis. Finally, several notable problems are discussed for further studies.     

剪切波速评价饱和砂土抗液化性能研究

从三方面总结了用剪切波速评价饱和砂土抗液化性能的研究进展：基于现场震害调查的研究成果具有重要参考价值，但不便于开展系统研究；室内土样剪切波速的测试手段出现了弯曲单元和扭剪法两种新技术，与弯曲单元相比较，扭剪法更加可靠；剪切波速与抗液化强度相关性已通过大量的研究得到证实。指出要实现用剪切波速评价原位土层的抗液化性能需要解决：抗液化强度对于剪切波速的敏感性，如何进行地震等效，如何将原位与室内剪切波速建立联系以及如何选取区分不同土类的指标等4个问题。     

复合材料韧性评定的新方法关于损伤阻抗性能的研究

从复合材料结构设计的角度，指出了目前在韧性复合材料评定技术中存在的问题，特别是指出了用冲击后压缩强度值作为判别复合材料韧性的缺点，提出了应采用损伤阻抗和损伤容限共同评定复合材料韧性的观点。对7种不同韧性的复合材料进行了冲击与静压痕等试验，在对试验数据分析的基础上，确定了对损伤阻抗最敏感的损伤参数，提出了描述损伤阻抗的物理量和测试方法。     

点接触CATT齿轮润滑油膜厚度的实验研究

介绍用电阻法测量CATT（Circdar－Arc－Tooth－Trace）齿轮润滑油膜的测量原理、实验设备和方法，研究了油膜沿啮合线和沿齿线的变化规律，得出了可供CATT齿轮设计参考的结论。     

甲基丙烯酰氧基倍半硅氧烷对有机硅树脂耐热性能影响

采用甲基丙烯酰氧基倍半硅氧烷(M ethacryl-POSS)提高有机硅树脂的耐热性能。合成了甲基苯基硅树脂和M ethacryl-POSS接枝改性的甲基苯基硅树脂,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱表征了M ethacryl-POSS接枝反应前后甲基苯基硅树脂的结构变化;并通过TG和烧蚀实验比较了接枝反应前后甲基苯基硅树脂的热性能变化,采用DTG对比研究了M ethacr-yl-POSS对甲基苯基硅树脂耐热性影响机理。结果表明,经M ethacryl-POSS接枝改性后,甲基苯基硅树脂的耐热性能提高,在空气中的热降解程度降低。     

脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料的物理力学性能试验

以β型脱硫石膏为基材,混掺水泥、粉煤灰和硅灰等胶凝材料,加入自制的专用改性外加剂,制备脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料,测试分析原料组分、水胶比和养护方式对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能的影响,通过SEM和XRD测试手段探讨其强度形成及耐水机理。试验结果表明:水泥掺量为20%、粉煤灰掺量为25%和水胶比为0.7时的脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料综合性能优良,其28 d抗压强度为12.1 MPa,吸水率为17.6%,软化系数为0.81;二水石膏晶体形成的第一支撑骨架和以钙矾石和C―S―H凝胶等形成的第二支撑骨架相互补充,提高了脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料结构的致密性和耐水性。     

Zn-5Al-xMn(x=0，0.1，0.2，0.3)合金的铸态组织与耐蚀性能

采用SEM、EDS、电化学测试等方法研究了热浸镀用Zn-5Al-xMn(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)合金的铸态组织与耐蚀性能。结果表明:在Zn-5Al合金中加入少量的Mn显著抑制了粗大初生β-Zn相的生成,当Mn含量为0.2%时,初生β-Zn相最少,共晶组织占比最高。试验合金的自腐蚀电位随着Mn含量的提高而增大,自腐蚀电流密度先减小后增大。Zn-5Al-0.2Mn合金自腐蚀电流最小为1.403μA/cm~2,其高频阻抗和低频扩散阻抗均最大。Zn-5Al合金中初生β-Zn相优先腐蚀,Zn-5Al-0.2Mn合金因初生β-Zn相较少,发生均匀性腐蚀,其腐蚀产物在Zn-5Al-xMn合金中最致密。