基于SAR影像平地与水域ROI的由粗到精匹配方法

INS/SAR组合导航系统主要是基于图像相似性相关原理,即将SAR实时获取的图像与预存在匹配处理机中的基准图进行配准比较,得到载体相对于目标或预定区域的位置偏差,从而修正INS的累积误差,保证载体的导航精度.但由于基准图与实时图获取的条件不同,两者存在较大差异,会损害匹配概率和匹配精度,进而影响载体的定位精度.基于此提出了基于SAR影像平地与水域特征区域(ROI:Region of Interest)的由粗到精的匹配方法:即利用实时图全部小波第二层低频信息在基准图小波第二层特征影像上进行全局搜索,荻取实时图中心点的粗匹配坐标,根据粗匹配坐标找到对应的基准图上的区域及所包含的平地与水域ROI,再找到ROI在实时图上对应的大致区域,利用互相关算法对ROI进行匹配,得到最终匹配坐标.并对该方法进行了仿真计算,结果表明该方法在星载SAR/机载SAR匹配中取得很好的效果,满足高匹配精度的同时,增强了不同源SAR匹配的适应性.     

Wavelet modelling in support of IRI

The slant total electron content (STEC) of the ionosphere is defined as the integral of the electron density along the ray-path of the signal between the transmitter and the receiver. So-called geometry free GPS measurements provide information on the electron density, which is basically a four-dimensional function depending on spatial position and time. Since ground-based measurements are not very sensitive to the vertical structure within the atmosphere, the ionosphere is often represented by a spherical layer, where all electrons are concentrated. Then the STEC is transformed into the vertical total electron content (VTEC), which is a three-dimensional function depending on longitude, latitude and time.In our approach, we decompose an ionospheric function, i.e. the electron density or the VTEC, into a reference part computed from a given model like the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and an unknown correction term expanded in a multi-dimensional series in terms of localizing base functions. The corresponding series coefficients are calculable from GPS measurements applying parameter estimation procedures. Since the GPS receivers are located rather unbalanced, finer structures are modelable just in regions with a sufficient number of observation sites. Due to the localizing feature of B-spline functions we apply a tensor product spline expansion to model the correction term regionally. Furthermore, the multi-resolution representation derived from wavelet analysis allows monitoring the ionosphere at different resolutions levels. We demonstrate the advantages of this procedure by representing a simulated VTEC data set over South America.     

小型化高床载过氧化氢整体式催化剂床研究

通过理论分析和试验对一种新型整体式层板催化剂床进行了研究。设计了催化剂床流道结构并对催化剂床的加工工艺进行了初步研究。热试车结果表明，催化剂床性能良好，最高床载可达16．5g／（cm^2·s），分解效率96％，室压粗糙度小于±2％，催化剂床累计工作寿命大于455s，性能未出现下降趋势。     

Variations of mid-term periodicities in solar activity physical phenomena

In this work we make an analysis of significant periodicities shown by phenomena linked to solar activity such as coronal hole area, radio emission in the 10.7 cm band and sunspots. We use the wavelet method that gives information in the frequency and time domains. Of particular interest are the mid-term periodicities (1–2 yrs). Over the whole period, coronal holes and radio variations show an important annual variation and a quasi-biannual periodicity. The increase in these variations is most important around the years of maximum solar activity. When the time series are separated in low and high frequencies, the latter are modulated by the general solar cycle. Although somewhat shifted in frequency, these periodicities might well correspond with those found in cosmic ray intensity, solar magnetic flux and other terrestrial and interplanetary phenomena as a wavelet coherence analysis of these series with the solar magnetic flux reveals.     

改进小波阈值去噪法在管道泄漏检测中的应用

基于负压波式的管道泄漏检测方法中,需要解决的核心问题之一是对负压波信号的去噪。在分析了利用小波变换理论与小波阈值去噪的基础上,对传统的硬阈值和软阈值函数、双曲型和指数型函数与改进的阈值函数算法进行了对比。实验表明,改进算法在处理管道泄漏检测中,对检测的负压波信号能够获得较大的信噪比,具有较好的去噪能力,能有效提高泄漏检测精度。     

基于小波变换的卫星阻力系数分析

以不同弧长解算天宫一号空间实验室连续55天（d） GPS轨道数据得到卫星阻力系数Cd 序列,并对同期的太阳辐射通量 f 10.7 和地磁活动指数 ap,Ap序列高、低频多层小波分解。空间环境参量和Cd 序列各层信号滑动相关性的统计分析结果表明小波分解的阻力系数序列与对应的 f 10.7 ,Ap 序列整体具有很好的滞后相关性,验证了通过 f 10.7 ,Ap 预报 Cd 的可行性。对不同回归模型和回归分析样本序列长度n分析Cd预报值残差表明：采用f 10.7 一元回归模型,并取n20 d时, Cd 预报结果最优。另外,NRLMSIS-00模型在350km高度的中低纬度区域,地磁活动上升相响应过度,而下降相则响应不足;太阳辐射通量上升相响应适度,下降相响应过度。最后对应用前景进行总结,该方法对提高航天器轨道预报精度具有重要参考价值。     

单纯形法原理及其扩展

详细阐述单纯形法的基本原理,并就使用单纯形法过程中经常遇到的如何寻找初始基本可行解,如何减少单纯形法的计算量以及如何将大规模复杂问题分解成若干个规模较小的简单问题等方面给予简答。     

基于单个长基线干涉仪的运动单站直接定位

针对以往单站无源定位系统中采用的多通道干涉仪或阵列测向系统复杂、易受通道间幅相不一致性影响等缺点,提出了一种基于信号子空间分解的运动单站单个长基线干涉仪(LBI)直接定位(DPD)方法。该方法采用量子粒子群优化(QPSO)方法获得定位初值,再利用Newton迭代方法得到精估计值。仿真结果表明:增加观测器的机动性,可对辐射源实现快速无模糊的定位;定位性能在较高信噪比(SNR)下可接近定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB),在低信噪比下优于多通道干涉仪仅测角(BO)和长基线相位差变化率定位方法。     

基于高阶奇异值分解的LPV鲁棒控制器设计

针对高超声速飞行器线性变参数（LPV）模型建模中准确度与复杂度之间的矛盾性,提出了一种基于网格化张量及高阶奇异值分解（HOSVD）的凸多胞LPV模型建模及控制方法。首先基于雅可比线性化给出了大包线网格化模型的张量描述形式,然后提出了一种基于HOSVD的多胞LPV模型生成算法,将网格化模型表述为有限个线性时不变（LTI）顶点及权重函数的组合,并基于舍弃的奇异值给出了建模误差的指标,最后结合某航天飞机再入段六自由度非线性模型进行了大包线鲁棒LPV控制器设计与仿真验证,结果表明该方法可获得计算复杂度低且保证建模精度的LPV模型,设计的鲁棒变增益控制器能够使系统快速跟踪姿态角指令信号,并能够保证系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。      

压气机动静叶干扰的非定常流动特性

采用大涡模拟(large eddy simulation,LES)方法计算动叶尾迹对静叶干扰的流场信息。利用涡量分布揭示动叶尾迹在静叶通道内的演化过程,利用压力梯度识别激波结构及波振源,运用动力学模态分解(dynamic mode decomposition,DMD)方法对静叶通道内流场的时空结构进行模态分解。结果表明:流场中存在3处波振源,分别位于动叶尾缘、静叶前缘和静叶尾缘处;发现静叶通道内流场的频谱具有多峰值现象,模态分解的第1阶流动代表动叶尾迹在通道内随时间迁移,对应频率为动叶通过频率(blade passing frequency,BPF)是通道内旋涡非定常波动的主导频率;第2阶流动是动叶通过频率的2倍频流动,旋涡的空间尺度为1阶模态的1/2,为更小尺度的扰动。