燃气喷注条件对中心支板式固体冲压发动机燃烧性能影响研究

固体火箭燃气超燃冲压发动机具有高比冲、结构简单、流量易调节等优点,然而在超声速空气流的燃烧室中,如何让燃料更好地与空气掺混,增加颗粒停留时间,在较短时间内释放出更多的燃烧焓成为目前研究的重点。提出了一种基于中心支板燃气喷注的含硼固体火箭超燃冲压发动机方案,开展了模拟马赫数6.0、高度25 km来流条件下的地面直连试验和数值仿真研究,验证了该方案的合理性和优势,并获取了燃烧室内的燃烧特性,探寻了固体燃气喷注方式对燃烧室性能的影响规律。结果显示,相比于中心支板喷注方案,侧壁喷注存在总压损失大、反压激波串长度大、进气要求严苛等问题,但能够增强掺混,提高燃烧效率,缩短燃烧所需距离;而在中心支板式固体冲压发动机中,在燃烧室侧壁面引入较小流量的一次燃气,可以增大固体颗粒在燃烧室内的穿透深度,提高燃烧效率和燃烧室性能。     

水冲压发动机原理性试验技术研究

从水冲压发动机的工作机理出发,提出了适合开展发动机原理性研究的燃气发生器式水冲压发动机的工作原理。结合铝镁贫氧推进剂、水冲压发动机试验测试系统设计等研究,完成了燃气发生器式水冲压原理性试验研究工作,获得了该工作形式下铝镁推进剂的燃烧性能,成功验证了水冲压发动机的工作原理可行性,为后续开展水冲压发动机的性能研究提供了丰富的试验数据。     

双燃烧室冲压发动机亚燃模块进气道非设计点工作特性

 对适用于轴对称双燃烧室冲压发动机的亚燃模块进气道非设计点工作特性进行了风洞实验和数值计算研究,获得了该进气道的非设计点性能,并分析了其流态特征和再起动特性。实验数据显示,该进气道的马赫数4临界状态性能为：总压恢复系数0.425,出口截面平均马赫数0.519,可承受反压为自由流静压的56.52倍,而马赫数5的相应临界性能参数则分别为0.240,0.486和125.94。非设计状态下,该进气道的流量系数下降显著,马赫数5时的流量系数为0.813,马赫数4时则进一步下降至0.593,为此对高超声速进气道非设点综合性能的改善迫在眉睫。另外,该进气道在马赫数4时具有再起动能力。     

Observation of aphelion cloud belt over Martian tropics,its evolution,and associated dust distribution from MCS data

The present study uses five Martian years of observations from Mars Climate Sounder onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for investigating the Aphelion Cloud Belt (ACB) over the tropics. Analysis of zonal mean water ice column opacity suggests that the spatial extension of the ACB is mainly confined over the tropics and mid-latitudes (-20 – 40°N) during L_S ~ 45 – 135° (L_S = 0° signifies northern spring equinox). The ACB is seen primarily in the nighttime only due to the truncation of the daytime profile observations at significantly higher altitudes (at ~30 km). Zonal mean ice extinction profiles show ACB’s altitudinal range within ~10 – 40 km, and the existence of a thin cloud band in the absence of a thick ACB during aphelion season. Three phases of the ACB could be identified as the formation phase during L_S = 45 – 75° (phase 1), the peak phase during L_S = 76 – 105° (phase 2), and the decaying phase during L_S = 106 – 135° (phase 3). Observation of the cloud latitude belt shows a northward movement starting from phase 2, prominent over regions nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra. During this phase, the top level of thick clouds within the ACB decreases to ~20 km in the southern hemisphere, while it increases a little over the northern hemisphere (NH). The decreasing tendency continues in phase 3 over the entire region ?10 – 10°N, and the thick cloud base moves higher over the NH, though the vertical depth of it becomes narrower than phase 2. Temperature profiles do not show any noticeable influence on the northward evolution of the ACB. However, the study at a regional level indicates a possible association of upper tropospheric dustiness with the ACB’s evolution. The mechanism is evident in the correlation analysis mostly at an altitude range of ~18 – 35 km. The migrating semidiurnal tide (SMD) as a proxy of dust or water ice forcing, and the calculated upper tropospheric dust radiative heating, shows an apparent northward movement of their peak amplitude within the three phases of the ACB. This match between the spatiotemporal variations of the SMD and the water ice was not observed previously. However, the correlating behavior seems to be prominent in the areas nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra and the upper-tropospheric region of the atmosphere.     

固体燃料冲压发动机内流物性参数自动计算

通常固体燃料冲压发动机内流流动过程的模拟计算中,热力参数及输运系数都视作常数, 实际上, 它们随当地温度、组分等的改变而在发生变化。为确定热力参数和输运系数在各个截面上的变化规律, 研究了热力组分的平衡算法, 提供了简单实用的计算模型。计算结果显示, 把物性参数视作常数会带来较大误差, 说明了考虑物性参数在各个截面上的变化是非常必要的     

固体燃料冲压发动机附着点分析与模拟

对固体燃料冲压发动机冷流情况下,由突扩台阶产生的附着点进行了理论分析和数值模拟, 得出附着点与台阶高度成线性关系, 与燃烧室尺寸、壁面是否加质等因素有关, 但与入口空气流量无关, 所得结果与实验数据比较吻合。     

LEO-LEO微波掩星探测温度和水汽廓线研究进展

低地球轨道卫星间(LEO-LEO)微波掩星探测技术利用水汽吸收线附近信号,通过测量信号的折射和吸收作用,能够在没有辅助背景信息的情况下独立反演温度和水汽廓线,从而克服GNSS-LEO无线电掩星技术在大气中低对流层存在的"温度–水汽模糊"问题.目前,国内外还没有实现在轨的LEO-LEO掩星探测.为了促进我国LEO-LEO...     

边界层内水介质在压差驱动下沿小孔向气腔射流问题研究

对边界层内小孔气水多相流场下射流问题开展数值仿真及定常水洞试验研究,建立了适用于边界层内压差驱动下小孔向气腔射流多相流场问题研究的数值仿真计算模型,针对典型孔参数及气水流场条件,对比分析了仿真试验数据,验证了数值仿真模型的正确性及模型计算精度。结合流体质点受力及运动模型及平板边界层理论,分析了气水域压力场特征及水域流动规律对小孔射流过程的作用机理及影响规律,开展了孔参数对射流多相流场特征及射流量的影响研究。获得了小孔射流量估算方法,为航行体上防水装置设计提供数据支撑。     

水冲压发动机掺混燃烧数值分析

用三维两相湍流N-S方程及湍流燃烧PDF模型模拟水冲压发动机补燃室燃烧流场,并探讨了进水流量对冲压发动机补燃室流场的影响。通过与试验结果对比分析,结果表明,所采用的数值方法可用来模拟水冲压发动机补燃室掺混工作过程,其数值结果可用来指导水冲压发动机进一步的研究分析工作。