等离子-物理气相沉积硅/莫来石/硅酸镱环境障涂层的高温防护和耐热冲击性能研究

通过SiCf/SiC复合材料表面等离子喷涂(APS)硅黏结层和莫来石中间层,等离子-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)制备硅酸镱面层,喷涂的整个环境障涂层体系组织致密,PS-PVD工艺制备的硅酸镱为层状结构,孔隙率＜1％.研究了 SiCf/SiC复合材料环境障涂层的抗静态氧化、循环氧化、水汽腐蚀和热冲击性能,发现复合材料表面...     

舰载机发动机腐蚀敏感性试验

为验证某航空涡扇发动机抗腐蚀能力,基于腐蚀敏感性试车台,设计了盐雾发生系统,制定了试验方案,完成了航空涡扇发动机腐蚀敏感性试验。结果表明,试验系统设计合理,试验方法可行,可为其他发动机开展腐蚀敏感性试验提供借鉴。试验后发动机主要零部件和成附件未发现明显腐蚀痕迹,主要流道件表面有不同程度的盐雾结晶附着。试验后发动机在相同换算推力下换算排气温度上升约 5.5%,性能衰减幅度较大,建议其他发动机开展腐 蚀敏感性试验时进行流道清洗以恢复发动机性能。     

两相流气体种类灭B类火效果的实验

两相流灭火系统中,气相采用不同的气体,其灭火效果不同.研究了采用空气、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气4种不同种类气体条件下,两相流细水雾灭火系统在3.6 m×4.6 m×3.9 m的空间内,灭0.1 MW及0.61 MW方油盘火的灭火特性及规律.实验过程中采用热电偶树和西门子气体分析仪对火焰温度及火场氧体积分数进行了测量,得到了不同气体种类条件下的细水雾灭火特性包括火焰最高温度、温度下降速率、氧体积分数下降速率、灭火时间等参数的变化规律和灭火过程中火场温度场和氧体积分数值的变化规律.     

电子显微镜在测量微小雾径中的应用

由于常用的光学测量方法的限制，研究气流中微小雾滴问题时，依据微粒在气流中响应时间极短这一特征，可以采用捕捉采样，在电子显微镜下拍照，获得其零径及尺寸分布。     

丙二醇改性水溶液的发汗冷却实验研究

针对液态水相变发汗冷却实验中的振荡、表面温度分布不均及结冰现象,对液体冷却剂进行调研,选取丙二醇添加剂对液态水改性,在主流温度573K,雷诺数1.2×10⁴的亚声速高温风洞中实验研究了不同丙二醇改性水溶液浓度和注入率下多孔平板的相变发汗冷却特性。结果表明：随丙二醇浓度增大,多孔平板对改性水溶液的渗透率增大,多孔平板表面温度的振荡幅度减小,同时振荡周期内温度波峰降低。因此,使用丙二醇改性水溶液作为冷却剂,发汗冷却结构表面温度分布更加均匀,热疲劳损伤减小,承温极限升高,进而烧蚀风险降低,这对有效且高效的热防护系统设计具有重要意义。另外,注入率越大平板表面冷却效果越好,表面温度的振荡幅度越小,因此增大注入率也是改善多孔板表面温度波动的有效方式。     

Estimation of vertically integrated water vapor in Hungary using MODIS imagery

Information about the amount and spatial structure of atmospheric water vapor is essential in understanding meteorology and the Earth environment. Space-borne remote sensing offers a relatively inexpensive method to estimate atmospheric water vapor in the form of integrated water vapor (IWV). The research activity reported in the present paper is based on the data acquired by the HRPT/MODIS (High Resolution Picture Transmission, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) receiving station established in Budapest (Hungary) by the Space Research Group of the Eötvös Loránd University. Integrated water vapor is estimated by the remotely sensed data of the MODIS instrument with different methods and also by the operational numerical weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Radiosonde data are used to evaluate the accuracy of the different IWV fields though it has been pointed out that the in situ data also suffers from uncertainties. It was found that both the MODIS and the ECMWF based fields are of good accuracy. The satellite data represent finer scale spatial structures while the ECMWF data have a relatively poor spatial resolution. The high quality IWV fields have proved to be useful for radiative transfer studies such as the atmospheric correction of other satellite data from times different than the overpass times of satellites Terra/Aqua and the forecast times of the model data. For this purpose the temporal variability of IWV is scrutinized both using ECMWF and MODIS data. Taking advantage of Terra and Aqua overpasses, the mean rate of change of IWV estimated by the near infrared method was found to be 0.47 ± 0.45 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, while it was 0.13 ± 0.65 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ based on the infrared method. The numerical weather prediction model’s analysis data estimated −0.01 ± 0.13 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ for the mean growth rate, while using forecast data it was 0.24 ± 0.18 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. MODIS data should be used when available for the estimation of the IWV in other studies. If no satellite data are available, or available data are only from one overpass, ECMWF based IWV can be used. In this case the analysis fields (or the satellite field) should be used for temporal extrapolation but the rate of change should be calculated from the forecast data due to its higher temporal resolution.     

Magnetic levitation of large water droplets and mice

We report successful levitation of large water droplets and mice using a newly built variable gravity simulator. The simulator consists mainly of a superconducting magnet with a room temperature accessible experimental levitating space. The superconducting magnet generates a field and field gradient product that is large enough to levitate water and many other common liquids. The warm bore of the magnet has a diameter of 66 mm, large enough to levitate small mammals. We demonstrate that water drops up to 50 mm in diameter and young mice can be levitated in the system. The capability of levitating large water drops and biological systems offers new opportunities for conducting detailed and in-depth study of properties of fluids and biological systems in reduced gravity environments.     

工程施工中深基坑高程放样的误差分析

论述了市政工程施工中深基坑高程放样方法,对放样过程中产生的误差及误差的大小进行了分析。本测量放样方法可以满足给排水工程施工,以及符合高程精度要求的验收规范。     

Global water vapour distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during CRISTA 2

Water vapour measurements during the second mission of the CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) instrument are presented in the altitude regime 8–20 km. Mixing ratios are shown on isentropic surfaces (300–500 K) as global zonal means and as averages in 60° longitude sectors. Transports are indicated to occur preferentially on isentropic surfaces in the northern hemisphere, but not in the tropics and in the south. The hygropause is found shifted away from the equator towards the winter hemisphere. The amount of shift is longitude dependent and can be as great as 20–30°. The water content of the hygropause area shows considerable zonal asymmetries.     

Four-month Moon and Mars crew water utilization study conducted at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station,Devon Island,Nunavut

A categorized water usage study was undertaken at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station on Devon Island, Nunavut in the High Canadian Arctic. This study was conducted as part of a long duration four-month Mars mission simulation during the summer of 2007. The study determined that the crew of seven averaged 82.07 L/day over the expedition (standard deviation 22.58 L/day). The study also incorporated a Mars Time Study phase which determined that an average of 12.12 L/sol of water was required for each crewmember. Drinking, food preparation, hand/face, oral, dish wash, clothes wash, shower, shaving, cleaning, engineering, science, plant growth and medical water were each individually monitored throughout the detailed study phases. It was determined that implementing the monitoring program itself resulted in an approximate water savings of 1.5 L/day per crewmember. The seven person crew averaged 202 distinct water draws a day (standard deviation 34) with high water use periods focusing around meal times. No statistically significant correlation was established between total water use and EVA or exercise duration. Study results suggest that current crew water utilization estimates for long duration planetary surface stays are more than two times greater than that required.