金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。     

一种新型水溶性芯模的制备和性能

概述了金属模具不易脱模的形状复杂的复合材料结构件成型中遇到的工艺技术难题,着重对水溶性芯模的制备工艺特点和性能进行了研究,并将所制得的水溶性芯模成功的用于树脂基复合材料结构件的制造中。结果表明,水溶性芯模的各项性能满足复杂异型复合材料结构件制造的要求。     

发动机尾焰注水降温数值计算与试验研究

针对火箭发动机尾焰注水流场,组织并实施了火箭发动机系留点火及燃气流场注水降温缩比试验,研究了燃气冲击射流流场和注水作用下两相流场的分布状态以及降温效果。并通过研究在高温高速对流冲击作用下气液两相流的传热和传质理论,在Mixture多相流模型的基础上添加质量和能量源项,建立了多组分气液两相流非定常数值计算模型,通过对比试验结论,结果表明：所建立的数值计算模型具有较高的计算精度和可靠性,能够准确地反映物理现象。利用数值计算模型研究了注水后燃气、液态水和水蒸气三种主要组分在流场中的组成,通过与自由射流对比得到了注水燃气流场的包络线长度与宽度变化,注水对燃气流场降温效果显著。     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

大连春季一次平流海雾天气过程分析

本文从天气形势背景、水文气象条件等方面分析2012年4月下旬发生在大连地区的一次平流海雾过程;重点探讨大连地区春季海雾的形成机制与大雾形成的水汽来源等问题。在东南风的引导下,暖湿空气流经冷的海面是成雾的主要机制;天气形势稳定少动是这次大雾天气持续时间较长的主要原因。     

基于前缘凸结的推进泵叶片空化控制研究

为抑制推进泵空化不稳定引起的振动、噪声等危害,采用仿座头鲸鳍状肢前缘凸结的方法对推进泵叶片空化进行控制,通过水洞实验和数值模拟对前缘凸结的空化控制效果和机理进行了研究。结果表明,与原型泵相比,本文设计的仿生泵扬程得到了提升,且其效率损失小于2.5%;该仿生泵的前缘凸结会诱发涡结构,使叶片表面适度湍流化,造成空化区域的展向发展受到限制,空泡稳定性得到提高,但其也会导致波谷处存在低压区,造成仿生泵空化初生提前。总体来说,前缘凸结可以有效控制空化脱落和不稳定脉动,但凸结结构参数有待进一步优化以延缓由于波谷处局部压力较低而引发的空化初生提前。     

Verification of shielding effect by the water-filled materials for space radiation in the International Space Station using passive dosimeters

The dose reduction effects for space radiation by installation of water shielding material (“protective curtain”) of a stack board consisting of the hygienic wipes and towels have been experimentally evaluated in the International Space Station by using passive dosimeters. The averaged water thickness of the protective curtain was 6.3 g/cm². The passive dosimeters consisted of a combination of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs). Totally 12 passive dosimeter packages were installed in the Russian Service Module during late 2010. Half of the packages were located at the protective curtain surface and the other half were at the crew cabin wall behind or aside the protective curtain. The mean absorbed dose and dose equivalent rates are measured to be 327 μGy/day and 821 μSv/day for the unprotected packages and 224 μGy/day and 575 μSv/day for the protected packages, respectively. The observed dose reduction rate with protective curtain was found to be 37 ± 7% in dose equivalent, which was consistent with the calculation in the spherical water phantom by PHITS. The contributions due to low and high LET particles were found to be comparable in observed dose reduction rate. The protective curtain would be effective shielding material for not only trapped particles (several 10 MeV) but also for low energy galactic cosmic rays (several 100 MeV/n). The properly utilized protective curtain will effectively reduce the radiation dose for crew living in space station and prolong long-term mission in the future.     

透光脉动值在絮凝实验研究中的应用

通过理论分析和实验研究，以流动原水为研究对象，首次考察了PAM、PAC、PAF和PFS几种絮凝剂在絮凝过程中的透光脉动值变化。结果表明，不同种类絮凝剂投加条件下所形成的絮凝体具有不同的特性，能及时得到絮凝体破碎和重组的有关信息。     

HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的湿热行为

通过对低温固化HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂复合材料进行不同湿热环境处理以及3次循环吸湿-脱湿处理,研究其湿热行为。结果表明:复合材料在70℃水浸以及70℃/95%RH两种环境吸湿31 d饱和吸湿率分别为0.71%和0.11%,说明该低温固化氰酸酯树脂基复合材料有很好的耐湿热性;研究复合材料的循环吸湿-脱湿行为,发现复合材料在70℃水浴锅中第1次水浸10 d的吸湿率为0.69%,尚未达到饱和,而第2、3次水浸10 d后的吸湿率分别提高到0.72%和0.74%;复合材料的层间剪切强度随着循环次数的增加,降低更为明显,经过3次循环吸湿-脱湿之后试样的层间剪切强度较干态试样降低了50.77%,连续吸水60 d的试样层间剪切强度较干态试样降低了58.98%。     

带整体式粒子分离器的涡轴发动机进口支板的三维积冰数值研究

整体式粒子分离器对涡轴发动机的气动乃至积冰都会有影响。为了获得涡轴发动机进口支板的积冰特性,以包含整体式粒子分离器的涡轴发动机进气机匣为模型,选取间断最大结冰条件,采用欧拉-欧拉法模拟了进气机匣内的空气-过冷水滴两相流场,并计算了支板表面的水滴撞击特性,再应用考虑水膜流动和蒸发的三维积冰模型对支板表面的积冰进行了模拟。计算结果表明,机匣进口的水滴有99.4%进入了扫气流道,而且结冰参数在支板前缘上游呈现出明显的周向不均匀性。对于主流道下游的4片支板,仅距离蜗壳起始位置最近的支板前缘局部受到显著的水滴撞击,最大水收集系数达到3.8,当积冰总时间为74s时,该支板表面最大积冰厚度约8mm,其余3片支板表面几乎没有水滴撞击和积冰现象。本文的研究结果可为考虑整体式粒子分离器影响的涡轴发动机进口支板的防冰设计提供依据。