大连春季一次平流海雾天气过程分析

本文从天气形势背景、水文气象条件等方面分析2012年4月下旬发生在大连地区的一次平流海雾过程;重点探讨大连地区春季海雾的形成机制与大雾形成的水汽来源等问题。在东南风的引导下,暖湿空气流经冷的海面是成雾的主要机制;天气形势稳定少动是这次大雾天气持续时间较长的主要原因。     

基于前缘凸结的推进泵叶片空化控制研究

为抑制推进泵空化不稳定引起的振动、噪声等危害,采用仿座头鲸鳍状肢前缘凸结的方法对推进泵叶片空化进行控制,通过水洞实验和数值模拟对前缘凸结的空化控制效果和机理进行了研究。结果表明,与原型泵相比,本文设计的仿生泵扬程得到了提升,且其效率损失小于2.5%;该仿生泵的前缘凸结会诱发涡结构,使叶片表面适度湍流化,造成空化区域的展向发展受到限制,空泡稳定性得到提高,但其也会导致波谷处存在低压区,造成仿生泵空化初生提前。总体来说,前缘凸结可以有效控制空化脱落和不稳定脉动,但凸结结构参数有待进一步优化以延缓由于波谷处局部压力较低而引发的空化初生提前。     

Verification of shielding effect by the water-filled materials for space radiation in the International Space Station using passive dosimeters

The dose reduction effects for space radiation by installation of water shielding material (“protective curtain”) of a stack board consisting of the hygienic wipes and towels have been experimentally evaluated in the International Space Station by using passive dosimeters. The averaged water thickness of the protective curtain was 6.3 g/cm². The passive dosimeters consisted of a combination of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs). Totally 12 passive dosimeter packages were installed in the Russian Service Module during late 2010. Half of the packages were located at the protective curtain surface and the other half were at the crew cabin wall behind or aside the protective curtain. The mean absorbed dose and dose equivalent rates are measured to be 327 μGy/day and 821 μSv/day for the unprotected packages and 224 μGy/day and 575 μSv/day for the protected packages, respectively. The observed dose reduction rate with protective curtain was found to be 37 ± 7% in dose equivalent, which was consistent with the calculation in the spherical water phantom by PHITS. The contributions due to low and high LET particles were found to be comparable in observed dose reduction rate. The protective curtain would be effective shielding material for not only trapped particles (several 10 MeV) but also for low energy galactic cosmic rays (several 100 MeV/n). The properly utilized protective curtain will effectively reduce the radiation dose for crew living in space station and prolong long-term mission in the future.     

透光脉动值在絮凝实验研究中的应用

通过理论分析和实验研究，以流动原水为研究对象，首次考察了PAM、PAC、PAF和PFS几种絮凝剂在絮凝过程中的透光脉动值变化。结果表明，不同种类絮凝剂投加条件下所形成的絮凝体具有不同的特性，能及时得到絮凝体破碎和重组的有关信息。     

HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂复合材料的湿热行为

通过对低温固化HS40碳纤维/氰酸酯树脂复合材料进行不同湿热环境处理以及3次循环吸湿-脱湿处理,研究其湿热行为。结果表明:复合材料在70℃水浸以及70℃/95%RH两种环境吸湿31 d饱和吸湿率分别为0.71%和0.11%,说明该低温固化氰酸酯树脂基复合材料有很好的耐湿热性;研究复合材料的循环吸湿-脱湿行为,发现复合材料在70℃水浴锅中第1次水浸10 d的吸湿率为0.69%,尚未达到饱和,而第2、3次水浸10 d后的吸湿率分别提高到0.72%和0.74%;复合材料的层间剪切强度随着循环次数的增加,降低更为明显,经过3次循环吸湿-脱湿之后试样的层间剪切强度较干态试样降低了50.77%,连续吸水60 d的试样层间剪切强度较干态试样降低了58.98%。     

带整体式粒子分离器的涡轴发动机进口支板的三维积冰数值研究

整体式粒子分离器对涡轴发动机的气动乃至积冰都会有影响。为了获得涡轴发动机进口支板的积冰特性,以包含整体式粒子分离器的涡轴发动机进气机匣为模型,选取间断最大结冰条件,采用欧拉-欧拉法模拟了进气机匣内的空气-过冷水滴两相流场,并计算了支板表面的水滴撞击特性,再应用考虑水膜流动和蒸发的三维积冰模型对支板表面的积冰进行了模拟。计算结果表明,机匣进口的水滴有99.4%进入了扫气流道,而且结冰参数在支板前缘上游呈现出明显的周向不均匀性。对于主流道下游的4片支板,仅距离蜗壳起始位置最近的支板前缘局部受到显著的水滴撞击,最大水收集系数达到3.8,当积冰总时间为74s时,该支板表面最大积冰厚度约8mm,其余3片支板表面几乎没有水滴撞击和积冰现象。本文的研究结果可为考虑整体式粒子分离器影响的涡轴发动机进口支板的防冰设计提供依据。     

可贮存推进剂火箭增压气体与泵入口压力关系研究

根据氦气和氮气在可贮存推进剂中的溶解度与发动机泵入口压力关系，以及对美国上面级火箭“阿金纳”增压系统的分析，计算和研究，对我国可贮存推进剂上面级火箭的发动机泵入口压力要求和增压输送系统进行分析和研究，认为采用氦气增压，我国可贮存推进剂上面级火箭发动机氧化剂泵入口压力要求可以大幅度地降低，较大地提高火箭的运载能力，并提出相应的改进建议。     

FY-2C星辐射定标及其结果分析

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)C星发射前后红外与水汽波段的地面真空辐射定标、星上黑体定标和地面辐射校正场定标,以及可见光波段的地面太阳定标、积分球定标、地面辐射校正场定标和太阳像的原理与方法.给出了C星不同波段不同定标法的结果.分析表明,C星采用的定标方法均有效,并互为补充和验证.为进一步提高定标精度,还可对环境温度模拟、二次曲线拟合、减小积分球定标误差和光谱响应等作相应的改进.     

Development of a micro-balance system for dust and water vapour detection in the Mars atmosphere

Quartz crystal piezoelectric sensors are suitable for deposition analyses that need very high sensitivity. Due to the wide working ranges and high performances, micro-balances can measure the mass settling in average Mars conditions during a period of months before saturation is reached. This ensures a proper use for short and long term water and dust deposition monitoring. Micro-balances have been studied, calibrated and used for the GIADA (grain impact analyser and dust accumulator) experiment for the ESA-Rosetta space mission. Experience on micro-balance performance study by dust deposition has been acquired and water vapour deposition studies are in progress in a Martian atmosphere simulation chamber. Preliminary results show that micro-balances are capable to detect up to partial pressure values corresponding to parts per billion of the typical Martian atmosphere.