Real-time solution of nonlinear potential flow equations for lifting rotors

Analysis of rotorcraft dynamics requires solution of the rotor induced flow field.Often,the appropriate model to be used for induced flow is nonlinear potential flow theory(which is the basis of vortex-lattice methods).These nonlinear potential flow equations sometimes must be solved in real time––such as for real-time flight simulation,when observers are needed for controllers,or in preliminary design computations.In this paper,the major effects of nonlinearities on induced flow are studied for lifting rotors in low-speed flight and hover.The approach is to use a nonlinear statespace model of the induced flow based on a Galerkin treatment of the potential flow equations.     

Safety assessment of approximate segregated parallel operation on closely spaced parallel runways

With the continuous growth of air traffic flow, some airports in China or other countries begin to construct Closely Spaced Parallel Runways (CSPR) to meet the capacity requirement of civil aviation. In this paper, the simulation and calculation method of flight trajectory is developed, as well as the collision risk calculation method and wake vortex encounter risk calculation method. New methods for departure and go-around procedures are proposed to achieve approximate segregated parallel operation in an attempt to obtain approximately the same results on closely spaced parallel runways as on widely spaced parallel runways. By comparing with the independent parallel departure and segregated parallel operation in ICAO Doc. 9643, it is found that the lateral separation between aircraft in this proposal is not less than the separations in the other two cases. Based on the simulation calculation of flight trajectories under different conditions, the probabilities of collision conflict and encountering wake vortex are lower than those in current operation plan. The proposed plan has no special requirements in pilot operation, control command procedures, airport facilities, or meteorological observation and prediction, so it is convenient to promote and implement at the airports with closely spaced parallel runways.     

给定任意拓扑控制多面体的分片光滑样条曲面拟合

张量积B样条曲面在CAD领域具有重要意义，但是普通张量积B样条曲面的控制顶点必须呈拓扑矩形阵列形式排列，不能满足任意拓扑控制网格的要求。本文基于双四次广义B样条基函数和G1连续条件，推导出线性混合矩阵。利用这些混合矩阵，非规则控制多面体中的控制顶点被转换成分片B样条曲面的控制顶点，相邻曲面片间满足G1连续条件。即利用混合矩阵，可以用与张量积B样条曲面相同的概念框架处理具有非四边界及多于或少于4个四边界面汇聚于一点的非规则控制多面体的曲面拟合。文中还包括应用实例以表明文中方法的正确性。     

粗糙度对多级压气机性能影响的数值模拟研究

为了研究粗糙度对多级压气机气动特性的影响,采用三维数值模拟软件CFX,对3.5级压气机进行了研究。结果表明,相比于端壁粗糙度,叶片表面粗糙度对压气机性能影响更大;不同转速下,叶片表面粗糙度的增大会造成压气机压比和效率的降低,并且粗糙度增大越快,性能衰退也越快,其中设计转速下粗糙度对压气机的性能影响更大,当叶片表面粗糙度达到50μm时,峰值效率下降了5.25%,对应压比下降了1.33%。前面级叶片表面粗糙度加剧了后面级角区分离和尾迹损失,在压气机性能下降中所占比重更大;而最后一级粗糙度对分离区的影响很小,主要是增加了尾迹掺混造成的损失。单级粗糙度对压气机稳定工作区间影响很小,而全部级粗糙度增大了压气机的稳定工作区间,这是由于粗糙度造成的近失速点处的流量下降相比于堵塞流量的下降程度更大。     

组合压气机中尾迹与势流同频/异频干涉的叠加特性

为揭示多级压气机中上下游叶轮对中间叶片叠加气动影响特性,阐述不同叠加干涉情况下下游叶轮进气角度变化,采用数值方法模拟了一级轴流和一级离心组成的组合压气机非定常流场.详细讨论了上游动叶尾迹和下游动叶势流对中间导流叶栅段气流非定常流动的异频和同频叠加干涉特性,依据计算结果,直观地展示了静叶通道中两种干涉间相互激励和抑制作用的位置和时间,与数学公式的推导结果相互印证.研究结果表明:当上下游动叶对中间静叶段异频干涉时,干涉的激励、抑制区域的轴向位置随时间发生变化;当上下游动叶对中间静叶干涉频率相同时,干涉的相互激励、抑制区域的轴向位置不随时间发生变化,但干涉的激励、抑制区域的轴向位置受时序位置影响.另外,上游动叶尾迹与下游离心叶轮势流的不同叠加情况,决定着下游离心叶轮进口相对气流角的大小及波动幅值.     

Linear stability analysis of interactions between mixing layer and boundary layer flows

The linear instabilities of incompressible confluent mixing layer and boundary layer were analyzed.The mixing layers include wake,shear layer and their combination.The mean velocity profile of confluent flow is taken as a superposition of a hyperbolic and exponential function to model a mixing layer and the Blasius similarity solution for a flat plate boundary layer.The stability equation of confluent flow was solved by using the global numerical method.The unstable modes associated with both the mixing and boundary layers were identified.They are the boundary layer mode,mixing layer mode 1 (nearly symmetrical mode) and mode 2 (nearly anti-symmetrical mode).The interactions between the mixing layer stability and the boundary layer stability were examined.As the mixing layer approaches the boundary layer,the neutral curves of the boundary layer mode move to the upper left,the resulting critical Reynolds number decreases,and the growth rate of the most unstable mode increases.The wall tends to stabilize the mixing layer modes at low frequency.In addition,the mode switching behavior of the relative level of the spatial growth rate between the mixing layer mode 1 and mode 2 with the velocity ratio is found to occur at low frequency.     

弯曲变截面隔离段参数化设计与优化

为了提高弯曲变截面隔离段的气动性能,发展了基于几何融合的参数化设计与优化方法。为了丰富几何融合方法产生构型的种类,提出了基于几何长度的新型离散化方法。为满足偏置要求及灵活性要求,中心线设计时选用了B样条曲线。利用优化软件Isight内置全局算法,针对某隔离段,以弯曲隔离段出口的总压恢复系数为目标进行了优化求解。结果表明:优化构型相对于原始构型,在给定相同来流入口情况下总压恢复系数提高了12.3%。     

尾迹和地磁效应对航天器表面充电影响的研究

研究迷效应和地磁场效应对中低轨道航天器表充电的影响,根据航天器表充电机制,采用薄鞘模型,根据电流收庥和轨道反演方法进行了数值模拟,给出航天器表面为导体和非导体的平衡电位,并进行了分析研究,数据结果观测和理论分析相符。     

钝体稳焰器尾涡控制研究

采用流场显示技术观察研究了尾流中加设隔板后钝体尾流的流动稳定特性;在V形钝体后加设隔板,作为火焰稳定装置,测量了其流阻特性,并进行了火焰稳定性能试验.试验研究和讨论了这种简单尾涡控制技术的各种效果.     

球形轨道分子屏极高真空系统的抽气方程

地面真空系统中,气体处于封闭的真空容器内,达到平衡状态时,压力 P 与抽速 S 的关系是:P=OIS;轨道分子屏极高真空系统是开放的(或者说具有部分真空容器),相应的抽气方程应该是怎样的形式呢?文章提出了一个物理模型,推导出了球形轨道分子屏极高真空系统的抽气方程。