高负荷压气机叶栅内三维旋涡结构及其形成机理的研究进展

压气机内的三维流场中存在着复杂的旋涡运动及气流分离,这些复杂的流体运动影响着压气机的高效及稳定运行,有必要了解并掌握压气机内旋涡结构的产生与发展机理。本文首先回顾了叶轮机械内经典的旋涡模型,重点综述了压气机叶栅旋涡模型的研究成果。然后,详细介绍了在矩形扩压叶栅和跨声速压气机静叶的旋涡结构方面取得的阶段性研究成果,分别讨论了三维旋涡结构的三种研究方法,验证了数值计算获取叶栅旋涡结构的可靠性,阐述了高负荷矩形扩压叶栅旋涡结构与流动损失的关联性,建立了跨声速压气机静叶三维定常旋涡结构模型,揭示了压气机静叶失速过程的涡动力学机理,并分析了非定常因素对静叶旋涡结构的影响规律。最后,针对今后在压气机旋涡结构的发展中会遇到的技术挑战和未来的发展方向做了几点展望。     

The structure of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices with super-sonic flow

We have done two-dimensional simulations of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) with super-sonic flow using the CIP method. The linear analyses of a simple uniform density case show that the KHI cannot grow vigorously when the velocity jump is more than twice the sound speed (when the flow speed relative to the vortex is super-sonic). In this study, by situating a high density contrast across the shear layer, we set the flow in only one of the sides to be super-sonic and then show that the KHI does grow and rolls up a vortex. The formation of a shock is essential for the KHI vigorous growth and the structure of the vortex is strongly influenced by the shock geometry. The results should have substantial implications to velocity shear layer dynamics involving large density jump, such as planetary magnetospheric boundary layers.     

钝体稳焰器尾涡控制研究

采用流场显示技术观察研究了尾流中加设隔板后钝体尾流的流动稳定特性;在V形钝体后加设隔板,作为火焰稳定装置,测量了其流阻特性,并进行了火焰稳定性能试验.试验研究和讨论了这种简单尾涡控制技术的各种效果.     

涡流环及其阻抗计算

本文将空心放置式线圈在平面异体中激发的涡流等效成一个环形涡流区域，计算该涡流环的尺寸，分析涡流环对检测线圈阻抗的影响以及计算涡流环的阻抗。     

A combined application of micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction in a high-load compressor cascade

In the current study, the effects of a combined application between micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction on the flow characteristics of a high-load compressor cascade are investigated. The micro-vortex generator with a special configuration and the longitudinal suction slot are adopted. The calculated results show that a reverse flow region, which is considered the main reason for occurring stall at 7.9° incidence, grows and collapses rapidly near the leading edge and leads to two critical points occurring on the end-wall with the increasing incidence in the baseline. As the micro-vortex generator is introduced in the baseline cascade, the corner separation is switched to a trailing edge separation by the thrust from the induced vortex. Meanwhile, the occurrence of failure is delayed due to the mixed low energy fluid and main flow. The synergistic effects between the micro-vortex generator and the boundary layer suction on the performance of the cascade are superior to the baseline at all the incidence conditions before the occurrence of failure, and the sudden deterioration of the cascade occurs at 10.3° incidence. The optimal results show that the farther upstream suction position, the lower total pressure loss of the cascade with vortex generator at the near stall condition. Moreover, the induced vortex with a leg can migrate the accumulated low energy fluid backward to delay the occurrence of stall.     

V型尾缘喷管流场特性数值模拟

模拟计算了一系列V型尾缘(Chevron)收敛喷管的详细涡结构(包括流向涡和展向涡)、引射系数、推力损失等性能,并与相关实验结果进行了对比验证。采用有限体积QUC IK格式和标准k-ε湍流模型,结合壁面函数求解雷诺平均的N-S方程。通过模拟计算与实验结果的对比,验证了计算方法的可行性。通过计算得出:V型尾缘喷管齿弯角越大,核心区长度越短,喷管出口下游的流向涡和展向涡的强度和尺度也越大。V型尾缘的齿弯角每增加1°,对应的喷管的堵塞比约增加0.98%,喷管的推力损失约增加1.71%,引射系数约增加3.45%。     

圆柱绕流尾迹流态特征和涡的演化过程分析

低雷诺数圆柱绕流中存在着复杂的流动过程,比如,尾迹中涡的发展显然不是理想的轴对称卷绕和扩散的过程.针对上述问题,用场观点和拉各朗日观点分别分析了固定时刻的流场特征和不同时刻的流动过程.首先通过等压线和相对流线的叠加,分析了相邻涡间通道内的流动.其次从涡结构的角度解释了尾迹中流体速度随时间的变化规律,并利用流体在不同时刻受不同流动结构控制的观点解释了染色线多次折回中粒子间的显著间断现象.最后对绕圆柱附近的流动进行了分区界定,分析了其中部分流体的变形情况和运动过程.     

Instability characteristics of a co-rotating wingtip vortex pair based on bi-global linear stability analysis

The Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) technology is applied to measure the wingtip vortices generated by the up-down symmetrical split winglet. Then, the temporal bi-global Linear Stability Analysis (bi-global LSA) is performed on this nearly equal-strength co-rotating vortex pair, which is composed of an upper vortex (vortex-u) and a down vortex (vortex-d). The results show that the instability eigenvalue spectrum illustrated by (ω_r, ω_i) contains two types of branches: discrete branch and continuous branch. The discrete branch contains the primary branches of vortex-u and vortex-d, the secondary branch of vortex-d and coupled branch, of which all of the eigenvalues are located in the unstable half-plane of ω_i > 0, indicating that the wingtip vortex pair is temporally unstable. By contrast, the eigenvalues of the continuous branch are concentrated on the half-plane of ω_i < 0 and the perturbation modes correspond to the freestream perturbation. In the primary branches of vortex-u and vortex-d, Mode P_u and Mode P_d are the primary perturbation modes, which exhibit the structures enclosed with azimuthal wavenumber m and radial wavenumber n, respectively. Besides, the results of stability curves for vortex-u and vortex-d demonstrate that the instability growth rates of vortex-u are larger than those of vortex-d, and the perturbation energy of Mode P_u is also larger than that of Mode P_d. Moreover, the perturbation energy of Mode P_u is up to 0.02650 and accounts for 33.56% percent in the corresponding branch, thereby indicating that the instability development of wingtip vortex is dominated by Mode P_u. By further investigating the topological structures of Mode P_u and Mode P_d with streamwise wavenumbers, the most unstable perturbation mode with a large azimuthal wavenumber of m = 5–6 is identified, which imposes on the entire core region of vortex-u. This large azimuthal wavenumber perturbation mode can suggest the potential physical-based flow control strategy by manipulating it.     

通道前缘小叶片对轴流压气机叶栅气动性能的影响研究

为了更好地控制压气机静叶角区分离,结合翼刀和涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在叶栅通道前缘端壁设置小叶片的新型流动控制手段。以某高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同周向位置和安装角的小叶片对流场的影响。结果表明：小叶片存在提升叶栅气动性能的最佳周向位置和安装角范围。在近失速工况附近,小叶片可减缓角区分离,提高全叶高的扩压能力,但会不可避免地增加中间叶高位置处的流动分离和气动载荷;小叶片可减少角区分离损失和尾迹损失,提高各流向位置处的静压系数。小叶片能阻碍马蹄涡压力面分支发展,减缓叶栅前缘附近的横向二次流动。从小叶片叶顶泄漏的诱导涡可将马蹄涡压力面分支推向流向,带走端壁和角区附近的低能流体,从而削弱通道涡强度。     

模型燃烧室中值班火焰稳定器的燃烧不稳定性研究

针对值班火焰的燃烧不稳定性问题，通过试验得到了不同当量比工况下的火焰结构、压力脉动信号和热释放脉动信号。对脉动信号进行傅立叶分析，获得了脉动信号的频率和振幅。结果表明，随着当量比增加，火焰形态发生变化，燃烧室内发生了164Hz三阶模态向109Hz二阶模态的转换。对火焰平均结构、火焰瞬态结构和火焰正交分解（POD）结果进行分析后发现，漩涡脱落频率和燃烧室某一阶声学模态耦合是维持燃烧不稳定性的机理，耦合的强弱和漩涡脱落的尺度大小决定了热声振荡的振幅大小，火焰形态的变化导致热释放中心位置的变化是引起模态转换的机理。