月面钻取采样回转齿轮副啮合生热试验研究

针对月面钻取采样装置的回转齿轮副啮合热进行理论分析,依据辐射换热定律建立了理论温升模型;模拟实际月面真空、带载工况并开展试验研究。分析了啮合热在月面高真空环境的制约条件下,向机体外传播的方式、传热途径以及散发不畅时的积聚作用对附近运动副工作特性的影响。研究结果表明：回转齿轮副作为钻具驱动单元动力传递的中间环节,在20Nm负载转矩工况下持续运行40分钟,理论预测最大温升28.66℃,与试验测量的最大温升结果28℃相吻合,充分验证了钻进驱动单元热设计的正确性,准确地识别出回转齿轮副啮合热积聚的潜在风险。     

非稳态单喷口射流控制扩压器内边界层的分离流动

对扩压器内单喷口射流产生的流向涡控制扩压器内部边界层分离流动行为进行了研究。研究的对象是一个扩张角为10°的二维扩压器,扩压器进出口面积比为1∶4.7,入口高度为15 mm。采用数值计算方法研究了当射流出口速度为非稳态时对分离流动的影响。给出了不同时刻,不同截面上的旋涡涡量分布。结果表明,采用非稳态喷射流向涡方法可以在不改变主流流量特性的情况下,有效地减小分离流动区域。     

对转桨扇三维流场特性数值研究

对转桨扇（Contra-rotating propfan,CRP）是下一代民用航空推进备选方案开式转子发动机最重要的气动部件,其气动性能对整机性能影响显著。本文对不同进距比下的对转桨扇三维流场进行数值模拟,结合压气机及螺旋桨相关理论分析了对转桨扇内部流场及其滑流区涡结构和滑流特征。结果表明,对转桨扇后排流动特征及性能参数变化幅度均超过前排。对转桨扇实际进口气流角受到轮毂附面层、诱导速度、抽吸效应的共同影响,可根据不同叶高位置轴向速度的分布规律判断三种影响分别起主导作用的位置。在对转桨扇滑流区中,桨尖涡是导致损失的主要原因,径向涡量衰减比周向和轴向涡量衰减更快。对转桨扇滑流在径向上影响至3.5倍叶高位置。气流出后排桨扇后会持续加速直至静压达到环境压力,加速区域长度约为5倍桨扇半径。     

Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane (NGV) are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha-nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencing row efficiency.     

几乎最佳自相关序列偶搜索算法的研究

几乎最佳自相关序列偶是一种新的最佳信号,但其一般的搜索方法——穷举法,搜索量太大。根据几乎最佳自相关序列偶的必要条件,提出一种新的搜索方法,给出算法流程图,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,算法可大大减小搜索量,比穷举法效果好且耗时短。     

基于模糊神经网络的涡结构识别方法研究

研究气动光学传输效应产生的机理是红外成像末制导的共性基础技术之一,基于涡结构对光学传输效应进行建模是一种非常有效的方法,而涡结构的识别是其必要前提。文中提出一种新的涡结构识别方法,把折射率场经小波变换后的系数矩阵等效为具有一定纹理结构的图像,计算图像的共生矩阵及其统计量,由于涡结构模式复杂,特征量较多,设计了等价结构的模糊神经网络进行涡结构识别。与小波分解后直接提取特征量的识别方法相比,本文的方法从空、频角度更加准确全面地表征湍流涡结构模式,计算机仿真结果表明该方法优于神经网络的识别效率。     

High-resolution simulation for rotorcraft aerodynamics in hovering and vertical descending flight using a hybrid method

A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model (VTM). An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a Lagrangian-based VTM module is employed for vortex tracking in the far wake. The coupling procedure is implemented by transmitting vortex sources to the VTM module and feeding boundary conditions back to the CFD module. The presented CFD/VTM hybrid solver is firstly validated by hover cases of three different rotor configurations. Simulation results, including the blade surface pressure distribution, rotor downwash, and hover figure of merit, exhibit favorable correlations with available experimental data. Then, a rotor operated in vertical descending flight with a fixed collective pitch is investigated. It is shown that the CFD/VTM coupling method is suitable for rotor wake simulation. Wake instabilities (far wake breakdown in hover and toroidal wake pattern in the vortex ring state) are successfully demonstrated with a moderate computational cost.     

Numerical investigation on flow field characteristics of dual synthetic cold/hot jets using POD and DMD methods

In order to improve the control ability of synthetic jets in compressible boundary layer, a novel control method based on dual synthetic cold/hot jets coupled control of velocity profile and temperature profile was proposed. As fundamental investigations on the effects of synthetic jet temperature on the jet behavior and flow field characteristics were essentially necessary, preliminary numerical simulations were conducted to study the influence of temperature (200 K and 400 K) on the flow field characteristics of synthetic jets using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) model. Time-averaged flow fields showed that different temperatures led to variable behavior of two strands of jets. For dual synthetic cold jets, a potential-core arose apparently with its height ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 m, while for dual synthetic hot jets, two strands of jets emerged downstream. The modal decomposition of instantaneous flow fields had been done using both Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). Various modes showed different characteristics of the flow fields. As the POD method focuses on the energy of flow while the DMD method focuses on the frequency, the first two modes had many similarities, but the third and fourth modes demonstrated completely different vortex structures. The current researches play a role of preliminary investigations for further and comprehensive exploration of novel flow control measures in global velocity field.     

Supersonic flow over a pitching delta wing using surface pressure measurements and numerical simulations

Experimental and numerical methods were applied to investigating high subsonic and supersonic flows over a 60° swept delta wing in fixed state and pitching oscillation.Static pressure coefficient distributions over the wing leeward surface and the hysteresis loops of pressure coefficient versus angle of attack at the sensor locations were obtained by wind tunnel tests.Similar results were obtained by numerical simulations which agreed well with the experiments.Flow structure around the wing was also demonstrated by the numerical simulation.Effects of Mach number and angle of attack on pressure distribution curves in static tests were investigated.Effects of various oscillation parameters including Mach number, mean angle of attack, pitching amplitude and frequency on hysteresis loops were investigated in dynamic tests and the associated physical mechanisms were discussed.Vortex breakdown phenomenon over the wing was identified at high angles of attack using the pressure coefficient curves and hysteresis loops, and its effects on the flow features were discussed.     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.