Analysis of long-endurance station-keeping flight scenarios for stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects

The ability to achieve long-endurance station-keeping flights makes stratospheric airships desirable platforms for the provision of communication and surveillance services. To maintain long-endurance flights, it is necessary to consider the problem of energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss long-endurance flight scenarios of stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects. The balance between buoyancy and gravity is influenced by thermal effects during the diurnal cycle. We perform a theoretical analysis based on the helium’s mass, pressure differential, and altitude as the main factors. To verify the effectiveness of the control over the pressure differential and the altitude, three long-endurance flight scenarios are proposed and compared. Then, the corresponding optimization problems are constructed to determine the energy-minimum flight. Finally, further efforts are made to reduce energy consumption. The realization and limitations of two strategies for improvement are analyzed. A comparison with other scenarios shows the effectiveness of energy conservation. The study in this paper thus provides a reference for station-keeping applications of stratospheric airships.     

环境效应和强化效果对300M超高强度钢疲劳性能的影响

研究了３００Ｍ超高强度钢螺纹滚压和未滚压试样在空气和３．５％ＮａＣｌ的水溶液中的疲劳性能。揭示了环境效应与强化效果的关系。实验发现，在ｆ＝１０Ｈｚ下，滚压件在盐水环境中和未滚压件在空气环境中的应力－寿命曲线之间存在一相交点。应力高于该相交点，强化效果起主导作用；低于该相交点，环境效应起主导作用。     

Space weather and commercial airlines

Space weather phenomena can effect many areas of commercial airline operations including avionics, communications and GPS navigation systems. Of particular importance at present is the recently introduced EU legislation requiring the monitoring of aircrew radiation exposure, including any variations at aircraft altitudes due to solar activity. With the introduction of new ultra-long-haul “over-the-pole” routes, “more-electric” aircraft in the future, and the increasing use of satellites in the operation, the need for a better understanding of the space weather impacts on future airline operations becomes all the more compelling. This paper will present the various space weather effects, some provisional results of an ongoing 3-year study to monitor cosmic radiation in aircraft, and conclude by summarising some of the identified key operational issues, which must be addressed, with the help of the science community, if the airlines want to benefit from the availability of space weather services.     

离解反应速率常数中的方位因素

以碰撞理论为基础探讨了结构方位因素对离解反应速率常数的影响,建立了计及方位特征的离解反应模型,计算对比了热平衡假设下空气中几个典型的离解反应的Arrhenius图.结果表明,在所选实例中,除了反应N₂+N和O₂+O外,考虑方位因素后确实能够更好地理论估算出反应速率常数.对上述例外文中做了一定的讨论.     

光学材料带电粒子辐照效应等效模拟试验方法研究

文章研究了空间带电粒子对光学材料辐照效应的等效模拟试验方法.在辐照试验研究基础上,针对光学材料分析了空间带电粒子辐照试验中辐照源选择、能谱效应,综合与顺次辐照效应和加速试验等几个关键问题,并根据空间带电粒子对光学材料的损伤特点,提出了模拟材料内部吸收荆量分布的等效试验方法.     

贴地飞行时旋翼空气动力学实验研究

 本文对贴地飞行时的旋翼进行了流场显示和桨盘处下洗速度测量的实验研究。揭示并研究了环流和地面涡现象及其对旋翼平面下洗速度分布的影响,指出了旋翼贴地飞行时拉力、力矩等剧烈变化的原因。     

不同燃料燃烧加热对超燃冲压发动机性能影响的分析与评估

为了评估不同燃料燃烧加热的空气污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,重点研究了相同流动匹配条件下四种不同燃料燃烧加热的超燃冲压发动机性能(氢、甲烷、酒精和煤油)。对相同流动匹配条件下,地面模拟飞行Ma=6,高度25km的超燃冲压发动机流道性能采用数值模拟进行了评估,并将之与飞行条件下的发动机性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加热方式对进气道升力和升阻比有显著影响(升力最大差异>8%,升阻比最大差异>6%),对超燃冲压发动机性能也有显著影响,比推最大差异97N·s/kg,燃烧效率最大差异11%。      

Xilinx FPGA自主配置管理容错设计研究

针对SRAM型FPGA在空间辐射环境下容易受到单粒子效应影响的问题,在分析可重配置的Xilinx FPGA的结构和故障模式的基础上,提出一种基于自主配置管理的Xilinx FPGA容错设计方案。综合运用诸如逻辑电路三模冗余、块存储器EDAC校验、动态回读、动态局部重配置及周期全局重配置等方法实现故障的屏蔽、检测和修复。该方案覆盖了FPGA的各种单粒子效应故障模式,并且在芯片内部实现了自主配置管理,具有体积小、成本低、可靠性高的特点。     

某运输机全机构型雷诺数效应阻力修正研究

采用CFD方法分析了雷诺数效应对某运输机全机构型阻力的影响。基于对某运输机的翼/身/架/舱组合体绕流进行的计算分析,归纳总结出了一种适应于复杂构型的低雷诺数到高雷诺数的阻力修正方法。通过验证可知,该修正方法修正效果良好,为工程中的阻力预测提供了一种简洁有效的方法。     

存在记忆非线性效应的功率放大器自适应线性化仿真

文章对两种常用的描述功率放大器的记忆效应和非线性特征的模型——W—H模型和记忆多项式模型进行了自适应线性化仿真,采用AM／AM和AM／PM失真特性对由于功放特性不理想而引起的放大信号的振幅畸变及相位偏移进行描述,运用自适应预失真处理方法,进行记忆预失真的模拟,并用误差矢量值（EVM）衡量这种自适应预失真方法的效果。仿真结果表明,文中的自适应预失真方法对上述两种记忆功放模型具有较好的线性化效果。