ESO-based event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft with unknown actuator faults

An event-triggered control strategy based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the attitude tracking problem of small plug-and-play spacecraft with uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A simplified controller is developed based on the angular velocity and the general disturbances estimated by the provided ESO using the information of the system inputs and the angular velocities. In the designed event-triggered sampling mechanism, a state-dependent event-triggered strategy determines the triggering instant of the controller to reduce the frequency of information transmission between the controller and the actuator. In comparison with the previous literature, this paper considers uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults as general disturbances estimated by ESO, especially for the actuator faults. The inputs of ESO are the error of the angular velocities, which can simplify the controller design. Moreover, the designed ESO can effectively attenuate the influence of measured noises generated by the gyroscopes. The proposed event-triggered policy balances the performance of event-triggering and the control stability performance, which reduces the final state convergence regions without increasing more triggering times compared to existing studies. Furthermore, the investigated policy achieves Zeno-free triggering. Numerical simulations verify theoretical results.     

基于灰色预测的加速试验机理一致性判定方法

确定失效机理一致性条件是保证加速试验正确性的前提之一.由于现有的一致性判定方法只能利用加速试验数据,不能指导加速试验设计,因此需要一种基于强化试验数据的一致性判定方法.针对工程中强化试验数据少的特点,选取可以处理少数据的灰色预测,给出了一致性判定的新方法及流程.该方法通过将灰色预测中的GM(1,1)和等维新息模型相结合,找出强化试验数据的趋势改变点,在加速试验之前得到机理一致性变化的条件.通过在加速度计中的应用案例,验证了该方法的可行性.     

喷嘴式隔板与纵向肋式隔板阻尼效应分析

利用声学模型和单喷嘴声学模拟试验研究了喷嘴式隔板的耗散机理;用数值方法分析了纵向肋式隔板周围的涡流;用声学理论研究了纵向肋式隔板的声场。研究结果表明:选取合适的管间隙将会使喷嘴式隔板具有更好的稳定性作用;肋片周围是涡流产生的主要区域;肋高对燃烧室声学特性的影响远大于肋长。     

A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

一种空间相机用小型锁定组件设计

在卫星发射阶段,采用锁定组件对空间相机中的活动部件进行锁定可以提高活动部件的基频和抗振动能力、减少振动对机构精度的影响。一种用于空间相机中活动部件锁定和解锁的小型锁定组件,采用电机正反转动带动滚子从动件径向凸轮机构来实现锁定、解锁功能。文章详细介绍了小型锁定组件组成和工作原理,通过设计实例对机构进行了受力分析计算、验证了电机和结构设计参数选择的合理性。装机地面试验和环境试验结果表明,所设计的锁定组件性能稳定、工作可靠,很好地满足了空间相机使用要求。     

Ni/Ti中间层部分瞬间液相法连接C/C复合材料和GH3044

采用Ni/Ti中间层,部分瞬间液相法(Partial Transient Liquid-Phase,简称PTLP)连接C/C复合材料和GH3044,通过SEM+EDS对接头的微观结构和元素分布进行了表征,并分析了接头形成机理。研究表明,这种方法可实现C/C复合材料与中间层、中间层与GH3044界面处的良好结合;所得接头截面为GH3044/扩散层/残余Ni层/Ni-Ti金属间化合物层/炭化物反应层/C/C复合材料;随保温时间的延长,接头中金属间化合物Ni3Ti不断生长,同时两侧的Ni、NiTi被逐渐消耗。另外,因为C/C复合材料和GH3044的热膨胀系数(Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,CTE)差别很大,所以冷却过程中产生了较大的热应力,导致C/C复合材料/中间层界面附近出现了大尺寸裂纹,使接头性能下降,其剪切强度仅有9.78 MPa。     

锥齿轮副误差测量成组夹具设计

本文重点讨论了锥齿轮副齿圈跳动误差、背锥及面锥相对零件中心线的位置误差、齿根余量误差和齿轮啮合中心距误差测量专用夹具解决的技术难点,提高锥齿轮副的误差检测的精度,为测量夹具提供思路。     

从耦合机理探析电磁干扰有效防护措施

对不同耦合方式下产生的电磁干扰,从其耦合机理出发,分别探析了干扰形成的过程及防护措施与实现方法,在此基础上提出了按照功能分层进行综合设计来实现系统电磁防护的有效方法。     

起落架系统的检查与维护

针对飞机起落架系统的故障机理及故障特点,总结分析了固定式起落架与可收放式起落架系统的故障类型,并概述了在日常检查和维护工作中所使用的方法及程序,为该系统的维护及检查提供了有力的依据。