微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

Observation of the north-south asymmetry in the equatorial spread F intensity at the Brazilian longitude

This study presents an analysis of the observed north-south asymmetry of the range spread F (RSF) intensity at the low latitude region during an equinoctial month of different solar epochs (2002, 2015 and 2017). The ionospheric parameters were obtained during geomagnetic quiet days from four digisonde stations located along the Brazilian longitude, which include a dip equator station (Sao Luiz (SL: 2.33 S, 44.2 W)), conjugate stations (Campo Grande (CG: 20.5°S, 55°W) and Boa Vista (BV: 2.8°N, 60.7°W)) and another low latitude station (Cachoeira Paulista (CP: 22.7°S, 45°W)). The results highlight the competing effect of the post-sunset electric field strength and the trans-equatorial wind on the latitudinal distribution of the irregularity intensity at both hemispheres under varying background ionospheric condition. The RSF intensity was seen to reduce as the solar flux index decreased and the latitudinal peak shifted closer to the dip equator. This was dependent on the variation of the field line mapped irregularity spectrum and the density gradient. Likewise, the north-south asymmetry in the irregularity occurrence was seen to become more significant as a denser ionosphere was observed at the hemisphere with the equatorward meridional wind. This has further proven that the non-linear cascading of the plasma irregularity across the low latitude region is strongly influenced by the local electric field.     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

基于人工神经网络的停机坪安全预警研究

停机坪是机场的重要组成部分,停机坪安全是机场安全关注的重点。影响停机坪安全作业的要素有很多,通过对这些要素进行监控和预警,可以减少停机坪的安全隐患,保证机场正常运行。根据济南遥墙机场的主要数据,运用因子分析法对影响停机坪安全的主要因素进行分类,提取公共因子。并运用人工神经网络（ANN）方法,对这些公共因子进行神经网络训练和预测分析,最终得到遥墙机场停机坪的安全情况。     

某靶用型无人机发动机空中停车故障分析

针对某新型靶机出现的发动机空中停车故障,对测控站记录数据进行分析,发现了转速采集系统和ECU控制系统存在的缺陷,并提出了解决措施。     

直刃尖刀形状对超声辅助切削系统振动性能的影响

基于超声振动设计理论并结合超声振动变幅杆,设计了一种用于弱刚度材料超声辅助切割的直刃尖刀.建立了直刃尖刀和超声振动系统一体的有限元模型,系统分析了直刃尖刀刀体长度、厚度参数对超声振动系统谐振频率、振幅放大倍数和刀具纵向振幅的影响,探讨了刀具横向和侧向振幅沿刀具轴线方向的分布规律.针对特定的超声振动系统,确定了综合性能最优的刀具参数.研制了具有不同形状参数的去刃模拟刀具,并安装于同一超声振动系统进行测试,对仿真分析结论进行验证,理论分析与试验结果相一致.根据理论分析确定的最佳参数研制了直刃尖刀并测试了其振动性能.研究结论对超声辅助切削加工的直刃刀尖的研制提供了理论指导.     

民机概念设计阶段性能分析程序快速开发方法

为了在概念设计阶段快速准确地分析民航客机性能,提出一种基于MATLAB/SIMULINK 联合仿真的性能分析程序快速开发方法。从数据库文件中读取已有的气动、重量、推进、飞行剖面等数据,在SIMULINK中分别求解已建立的各飞行阶段运动微分方程,将结果保存至原数据库。整个求解及前后处理过程由MATLAB脚本控制。以波音737-800型客机性能分析为例,验证了该方法的有效性。与经验公式法相比,本文算法更为准确,流程更加清晰,不需要编写大量代码,实现与维护更加简便,适用于民机概念设计阶段性能分析程序的快速开发。     

某飞行器防热材料力学性能测试与分析

按照飞行过程中的防热层温度变化情况,对某飞行器防热材料进行了不同温度下的弯曲性能测试。测试结果表明,该防热材料在升温和降温过程中,在相同温度点具有明显不同的力学性能。根据材料性能测试结果,用有限元方法进行模拟,进一步得出该材料的弯曲模量与拉伸模量的关系,为防热结构进行有限元分析提供材料性能数据支撑。     

基于断口分析的钛合金轮内部缺陷损伤容限

为进行某轮损伤容限设计,开展了裂纹扩展断口分析和仿真分析研究。由断口分析可知:疲劳源为一处内部自然缺陷;依据疲劳辉纹确定了裂纹扩展速率;在裂纹长度为2 mm附近,裂纹扩展速率明显增大,为第一、第二加载阶段转换区域;裂纹稳定扩展区裂纹长度与裂纹扩展速率呈双对数线性关系;应用列表梯度法和Paris公式法反推了第二加载阶段的疲劳寿命,与该阶段实际循环次数的最大误差是163%。裂纹稳定扩展阶段裂纹扩展仿真值与断口反推值吻合;非稳定扩展阶段仿真值与断口反推值的最大误差为-215%;基于以上研究,合理确定了某离心轮内部裂纹表面扩展停机检测周期。该类轮非稳定、失稳扩展阶段寿命占内部裂纹表面扩展阶段寿命的比例达248%~357%,因此准确计算具有重要意义。