An approach to multi-temporal MODIS image analysis using image classification and segmentation

This paper discusses an approach for river mapping and flood evaluation based on multi-temporal time series analysis of satellite images utilizing pixel spectral information for image classification and region-based segmentation for extracting water-covered regions. Analysis of MODIS satellite images is applied in three stages: before flood, during flood and after flood. Water regions are extracted from the MODIS images using image classification (based on spectral information) and image segmentation (based on spatial information). Multi-temporal MODIS images from “normal” (non-flood) and flood time-periods are processed in two steps. In the first step, image classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) separate the image pixels into water and non-water groups based on their spectral features. The classified image is then segmented using spatial features of the water pixels to remove the misclassified water. From the results obtained, we evaluate the performance of the method and conclude that the use of image classification (SVM and ANN) and region-based image segmentation is an accurate and reliable approach for the extraction of water-covered regions.     

Relationships between soil properties of the abandoned fields and spectral data derived from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER)

The structural transformation of Polish agriculture after 1989 has been leading to significant changes in land use. As a result a large part of formerly ploughed fields lies abandoned and they occur across considerable variability in soil typological units. Accurate information about soil conditions within the abandoned fields facilitates proper management in the new socio-economic situation. Such information can be collected using satellite images since the structure and condition of the vegetation growing on the abandoned fields reflects soil properties. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships between physical and chemical attributes of soil within the abandoned fields and spectral reflectance patterns recorded by ASTER sensors onboard Terra Satellite. Soil samples were collected at five abandoned fields which have not been ploughed since 2000 and analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and chemical properties. Nine ASTER nearly cloud-free pictures were used for this study in order to derive the remote-sensing attributes of the abandoned fields. In order to evaluate the relationships between soil fertility and remotely sensed data, partial least-squares (PLS) and a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis between these two datasets were carried out. In the regression analysis, only soil TEB (total exchangeable bases) stock in the whole profile displayed the highest correlation with remotely sensed data acquired in April and May and the best predictors were NDVI and LSWI vegetation indices.     

GNSS接收机矢量跟踪算法研究综述

GNSS接收机信号跟踪的实质是对卫星信号的扩频码延迟和载波频率偏移进行连续估计的过程。从信号跟踪的基本原理出发,综述了矢量跟踪算法的基本思想和研究历程,分析了算法中系统建模、模型参数确定和滤波器设计等关键环节,总结比较了算法的最新衍变形式,包括极大似然估计矢量跟踪环和联合矢量位置跟踪环的模型、特点和优势,通过仿真验证了矢量跟踪相比标量跟踪具有失锁重捕快、跟踪误差小和稳定性好的优点,最后总结了矢量跟踪技术的应用并展望了其未来发展方向。     

基于平滑滤波与最小二乘支持向量机的指纹图像识别研究

平滑滤波能抑制或消除噪声,获得高质量的图像。建立了完整的指纹识别系统,通过预处理、特征提取和分类识别3个过程,实现了指纹的分类识别;研究了预处理过程中的滤波增强方法,比较了邻域平均、高斯平滑和中值滤波的处理效果;在识别阶段采用最小二乘支持向量机,进行指纹识别实验,并对实验结果进行了比较。     

基于热磁耦合分析的高性能磁屏蔽系统设计

近零磁工作环境是实现无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子自旋惯性测量装置的必要条件,但在实际中由于装置内部气室加热和环境温度变化引起的磁屏蔽性能变化是影响系统性能的一个主要因素.基于热-磁耦合理论建立了惯性测量装置的有限元分析模型,对加热条件下磁屏蔽筒内磁场均匀性及其剩余磁场进行了分析.结果表明,气室加热至200℃时,附近温...     

混沌信号的一种简单设计方法及应用

在对一类简单的能够产生混沌现象的映射过程进行统计特性分析的基础上,利用其协方差函数特点,介绍了一种自协方差函数为ｃ（ｋ）＝ｃ（０）αｋ,０＜α＜１形式的混沌信号的简单设计方法及应用,从而为有目的地产生混沌信号,利用及分析混沌信号提供了新的信号获取途径。     

双天线GPS/MEMS-INS深组合导航方法研究

针对低成本惯性/卫星组合导航系统在复杂环境中易受环境干扰、航向精度较差等问题,对双天线GPS/MEMS-INS深组合导航方法开展研究.考虑不同信号强度下的跟踪特性,基于矢量延迟锁定环(VDLL)、二阶锁相环(PLL)、速度辅助的一阶锁相环,设计了分别适应强信号、弱信号、失锁状态的跟踪环路结构.同时提出一种实用的信号强度...     

Polarization VLBI observations of AGN jets now and into the future

The history of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations has been characterized predominantly by an ongoing quest for increasingly high resolution and sensitivity. VLBI monitoring of relatively large samples of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) with uniform quality and linear polarization sensitivity are now available at the moderately high frequencies of 15 and 43 GHz. This has enabled considerable advances in our understanding of the relativistic jets of AGNs, but gaps in the available observational material remain, which must be addressed in future VLBI polarization observations. Linear polarization observations at frequencies above 43 GHz remain non-routine, and the availability of multi-frequency and circular polarization measurements is still limited. It is of interest both to push inward toward the jet base and to study details of the jets themselves on parsec scales, such as magnetic field structures along and across the jets, which are intrinsically related to their formation, launching and propagation. Requirements for future VLBI polarization observations are considered, highlighting the key role that can be played by space VLBI observations. Unique opportunities are offered by relatively low-frequency space VLBI observations that are sensitive to effects such as Faraday rotation, opacity, and low-frequency absorption.     

矢量信号调制质量分析方法研究与实现

采用矢量信号分析技术通过分析已调信号的特性，能够快速发现引起信号失真的原因，定位系统设计中的错误，该技术在信号分析仪器、数字通信等领域应用广泛。本文在深入研究矢量分析技术的基础上，建立了矢量信号分析模型，并对矢量信号分析中对结果影响较大的最佳判决未知和幅相补偿模块进行了详细分析。利用软件实现了矢量信号调制质量分析，能够快速的对EVM等指标进行计算，且易于嵌入其它系统和设备，使用方便。     

Energization of charged particle in a time-dependent chaotic magnetic field with an implication of the production of seed particles in solar energetic particle events

We investigate the acceleration of charged particles in a time-dependent chaotic magnetic field in this work. In earlier works, it has been demonstrated that in an asymmetric wire-loop current systems (WLCSs), the magnetic field is of chaotic in nature. Furthermore, observations also showed that there exist time-varying current loops and current filaments in solar corona. It is therefore natural to conceive that the magnetic field on the solar surface is chaotic and time-dependent. Here, we develop a numerical model to study the acceleration process of charged particles in a time-varying chaotic magnetic field that is generated by an ensemble of 8 WLCSs. We found that the motion of energetic particles in the system is of diffusive in nature and a power law spectrum can quickly develop. The mechanism examined here may serve as an efficient pre-acceleration mechanism that generates the so-called seed particles for diffusive shock acceleration at a coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shock in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events.