基于自适应的月球着陆器悬停避障方法

摘要： 考虑质量和推力不确定性,月球着陆器在悬停避障时将难以快速稳定到设计高度.为解决此问题,提出一种基于自适应的高精度悬停避障方法,其核心是利用位置测量作为观测器的输入,对质量和推力不确定性进行快速估计和补偿.与基于PID的方案相比,该方案具有估计速度更快的优点,能够快速实现高精度的悬停避障控制.最后对所提方法给出仿真验证.     

推力室冷却通道结构可靠性仿真及参数敏感性分析

为了准确高效评估液体火箭发动机推力室身部再生冷却通道的结构可靠性,建立了基于有限元热结构耦合计算的结构可靠性仿真流程。考虑发动机干扰因素、身部结构尺寸及内外壁材料性能的随机性,利用Monte Carlo(MC)仿真和Epps-Pulley(EP)检验确定危险点的等效应力分布,根据基于参数估计区间的应力-强度干涉模型及点估计下限和Lindstrom-Maddens(L-M)法,确定冷却通道结构可靠度置信下限,并进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明:该结构可靠性仿真能够确定内壁失效的危险点,得到工程上更具实用价值的可靠度置信下限;外壁的强度裕度远大于内壁,冷却通道的结构可靠性取决于内壁;提高推力室燃烧效率或选用导热率稍低,而强度更高的内壁材料,是提高冷却通道结构可靠性的有效途径。      

基于格子玻尔兹曼方法的旋翼三维气动力学分析

提出运用格子波尔兹曼方法（Lattice Boltzmann Method, LBM）分析微型旋翼 的气动特性。以APC11x47 型螺旋翼为分析对象, 实物的结构信息通过三维激光扫描和 逆向工程的方法输入计算机, 使用基于LBM 的软件计算其不同转速下的螺旋翼产生的 升力,最后得到其升力系数。     

全电推进卫星小推力变轨策略星上计算方法研究

全电推进卫星星上自主变轨,是全电推进卫星重要的发展方向。为了获得运算量小、计算简单、可以星上计算且变轨时间最短的小推力变轨策略,研究了Lyapunov反馈制导律和推力矢量分段固定法两种方法。基于Lyapunov反馈制导律的变轨策略,权重系数在地面进行优化,推力指向星上实时计算,在标称任务工况下变轨时间比理论最优解加长8.18%。推力矢量分段固定法变轨策略更为简单,每10天星上对两个关键控制参数Ψ1,Ψ2进行修正,推力指向变化规律恒定,变轨时间比理论最优解加长7.43%。两种方法都具有任务适应性好和计算简单的优点,Lyapunov反馈制导律对姿态控制能力要求较高,推力矢量分段固定法姿态控制要求容易满足,后者更适合于卫星应用。     

Transient flow characteristics and performance of a solid rocket motor with a pintle valve

The pintle valve is currently the most promising technology among all thrust control methods for solid rocket motors. Pintle structure and working condition play a critical role in the successful operation of a pintle motor. Here, 2D transient simulations of a pintle motor using dynamic meshing are performed. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the implementation of an RNG k–ε turbulence model. In cold flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of pintle structure, and in hot flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of propellant pressure exponent. Validation is performed first by comparing the present results with available cold-test experimental data. This shows that the transient simulations can provide good predictions for pintle motors with a relative error of less than 2% in terms of the chamber pressure. It can be found that, when the gas supply system is different, the working principles and conditions of pintle motors are different. The feedback process in propellant combustion has a significant impact on its operation and the effect on the pintle motor performance of different pintle structures is achieved by different variations in the equivalent throat area. Finally, the pressure exponent is an important parameter in hot flow test and changes of thrust in hot flow test are not monotonic, because changes in the flow field and motor performance are asynchronous.     

源项冷却模型的建模以及在平板和涡轮的应用

为了解决由于划分冷气腔和尺寸过小的多排气膜冷却孔导致网格量过大的问题,本文基于NUAA-Turbo平台,在气膜冷却孔出口处建立适用于变比热条件下的源项冷却模型来代替冷却气体从孔内流出,并且在孔内建立换热模型,用于模拟孔内的对流冷却。对气膜冷却平板算例气动研究发现:在吹风比为1.0时,计算值与试验值相吻合。而对吹风比为1.5的孔下游近壁处计算时,发现流向速度计算值与试验值存在11.1%的误差,但小于商用软件44.4%的误差,尽管发现优化后的源项冷却模型不能很好反映下游近壁处法向速度分布,但计算精度在商用软件源项冷却模型基础上有25%的提高。为了证明该方法的可行性,对气冷高压涡轮MT1导叶的等熵马赫数以及平均努塞尔数等相关实验数据与计算数据作了对比,研究发现:在吸力面和压力面计算值与试验吻合较好,而在无冷却气膜覆盖的叶片尾缘和叶片前缘等局部位置计算值与试验值存在误差。研究表明:优化后的源项冷却模型能够较为准确地模拟冷却射流的宏观特征,该方法对工程上气冷涡轮的设计有一定的应用潜力。     

涡扇发动机可变几何参数调节对性能影响的分析

对于混合排气加力涡扇发动机可变几何参数调节对其性能的影响进行了分析研究, 结果表明在超声速飞行条件下调节几何参数对于改善性能有显着效果。      

膨胀循环液体火箭发动机推力调节阀仿真研究

根据某膨胀循环液体火箭发动机推力调节阀的结构及工作原理,通过理论分析建立了推力调节阀的数学模型,并利用AMEsim软件构建了推力调节阀的仿真计算模型,对其进行了仿真计算.计算了发动机额定工况、高工况和低工况参数下推力调节阀内部各压力及流量参数,并对推力室室压、调节阀出口压力和氢主文氏管入口压力变化引起的调节阀主阀流量变化趋势进行了计算分析,得到了调节阀内部各压力参数及流量的变化规律.     

Variable structure maneuvering control with time-varying sliding surface and active vibration damping of flexible spacecraft with input saturation

This paper presents a dual-stage control system design method for the three-axis-rotational maneuver and vibration stabilization of a spacecraft with flexible appendages embedded with piezoceramics as sensors/actuators. In this design approach, attitude control system and vibration suppression were designed separately using lower order model. The design of attitude controller was based on variable-structure control (VSC) theory leading to a discontinuous control law. To accomplish asymptotic attitude maneuvering in the closed-loop system and be insensitive to the interaction of elastic modes in the presence of unknown disturbances/uncertainty and input saturation as well, a switching mechanism is employed to design the attitude controller such that outside the sliding region VSC law with a time-varying sliding surface is implemented and inside the region the VSC law with a linear sliding surface is activated. Furthermore, a hyperbolic tangent function in conjunction with a sharpness function permitted to vary with time according to a set of user-defined parameters is implemented to offset the disadvantages of existing saturation-respecting controller and chattering. In addition, for actively damping the excited elastic vibrations during attitude maneuvering, modal velocity feedback and strain rate feedback control design methods are presented and compared by using piezoelectric materials as additional sensors and actuators bonded on the surface of the flexible appendages. Numerical simulations are performed to show that rotational maneuver and vibration suppression are accomplished in spite of the presence of disturbance torque, parameter uncertainty and control saturation nonlinearity.     

基于变论域的导弹电液伺服机构自适应模糊滑模控制

针对导弹电液伺服机构的跟踪控制,提出了一种自适应变论域模糊滑模的设计方案。引入变论域自适应模糊控制器,在线调节输入变量论域和规则后件隶属度函数以逼近理想控制器,使控制器的设计不依赖于被控对象的精确数学模型,确定模糊滑模补偿控制项,以补偿逼近误差并消除外部干扰的影响。仿真实验结果验证了该控制方案的有效性。