机动目标的空间交会微分对策制导方法

针对目标机动情况,利用定量微分对策方法分析连续推力作用下的空间交会追逃微分对问题,提出用非线性规划求解该微分对策问题的方法,建立空间交会追逃微分对策的非线性规划模型,有效解决了机动目标空间交会微分对策模型高度非线性且难于利用经典最优控制理论进行求解的问题,实现了最优控制与对策论的结合,并通过数值仿真校验了该方法的有效性。     

空间绳系组合体的继电型控制离轨策略

为了使空间绳系组合体更好地完成空间碎片清理任务,提出一种更接近工程实际应用的继电型推力（Bang-Bang）离轨控制策略。利用带有差动间隙的Bang-Bang控制策略,实现绳系组合体切向的继电式推力加速;设计了一种全新的被动式卷扬机构,以避免在使用继电式推力离轨的过程中多次开关发动机对绳系组合体带来的负面影响;针对径向推力设计了输入受限的滑模控制器,且最终控制指令同样以继电式推力形式实现,抑制了离轨过程中绳系组合体的面内摆动。数值仿真结果显示,继电型推力能够实现与连续推力近似的效果,能够将绳系组合体的摆动角度抑制在一个较小的范围内;整个离轨控制策略能够使得空间绳系组合体在保持姿态稳定的前提下将空间碎片拖曳到坟墓轨道。     

Electrochemical machining on blisk channels with a variable feed rate mode

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an economical and effective method for blisk manufacturing and includes two steps: channel machining and profile machining. The allowance distribution after the channel machining will directly affect the profile machining. Therefore, to improve the uniformity of allowance distribution in the machining of channels, a method that incorporates a variable feed rate mode is developed. During the machining process, the feed rates are dynamically changed according to the needs of the side gap at the different feed depths. As a result, the side gaps at the different feed depths vary, contributing to a decrease in the allowance difference. In this study, the dissolution processes of a blisk channel are simulated using different feed rates, and prediction profiles are obtained. Based on the prediction profiles, the relationship among the feed rate, feed depth, and side gap is established. Then, the feed rates at different feed depths are adjusted according to the relationship. In addition, contrast experiments are conducted. Compared with blisk channel ECM using a constant feed rate of 1 mm/min, using the variable feed rate decreases the allowance differences in the convex and concave parts by 62.2 % and 67.4 %, respectively. This indicates that using the variable feed rate in the ECM process for a blisk channel is feasible and efficient.     

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft: Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft. The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency, with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions. The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies, mainly involving weight penalties, overconsumption of electrical power, and safety issues. The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches, ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations. In this work, the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap, tailored for large civil aircraft applications, are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing, as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise. An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology; the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests. A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements. The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed, and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions. Finally, the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented, with emphasis on the architectural strengths, enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.     

小行星探测器轨迹优化方法

对小行星探测器轨迹优化方法进行了综述。介绍了直接法中的直接打靶法、直接配点法、伪谱法、微分包含法,以及间接法两种典型的轨迹优化方法,分析了其优缺点,以及在小行星轨迹优化中的应用。介绍了智能优化算法中的遗传算法、模拟退火算法、粒子群算法和多目标进化算法,分析了其相对传统优化方法的优缺点,以及相应的改进方法。     

远程导引脉冲变轨方案的有限推力修正

对远程导引脉冲变轨方案的有限推力修正进行了研究。将多脉冲变轨方案设计结果转换为有限推力式并进行修正,以消除转换误差和摄动模型误差。分析了由转换算法和摄动模型产生的初值误差,比较了不同工况下的修正效果。算例表明:将初始多脉冲变轨方案转换为有限推力后进行修正,所得结果能实现真实飞行环境中追踪航天器对目标航天器的拦截或交会。     

一种空间拦截卫星的制导方法研究

研究了一种用于拦截卫星的中制导和末制导方法。首先在已有卫星运行轨道上适当选择一点作为预定拦截点。拦截飞行器先采取垂直上升,然后进入中制导过程,采用Lambert制导中的最小能量策略,将其导入一个含预定拦截点的椭圆轨道,直到拦截飞行器上的导引头捕获并持续跟踪目标时转入末制导,末制导过程选用滑模变结构制导律进行控制。最后对设计的制导方法进行仿真分析,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

全向发射状态下运载火箭变结构自适应滑模控制

针对运载火箭全向发射后,系统通道间存在交连耦合问题,提出了基于解耦的变结构自适应滑模控制方法。首先建立了运载火箭全向发射姿态动力学模型;其次推导了一种工程上实用的姿态角预补偿解耦控制方法,并重点分析了残余耦合对姿控系统的影响;最后针对解耦后系统的残余耦合和火箭结构干扰,提出了变结构自适应滑模控制方法。利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了控制系统的全局渐近稳定性。仿真校验了本文提出的控制方法能够实现火箭在全向发射情况下的姿态稳定。     

壁面散热对超声速喷管性能的影响

采用一维无粘理论对扩张喷管的流动和性能进行了计算,研究了壁面散热量和散热规律对喷管流动、出口气流参数和性能参数的影响。结果表明:壁面散热会导致喷管沿程静压、静温和总温减小、出口马赫数和总压增大,并且随散热量增大,喷管的工作状态可依次经历欠膨胀状态、临界状态和过膨胀状态,但是喷管的推力系数逐渐减小,性能下降;壁面散热规律对喷管性能有很大影响,入口附近散热量较大出口附近散热量较小时,喷管的性能下降最大。从研究结果可以看出,壁面散热可以调节喷管的欠膨胀度,使喷管从欠膨胀状态趋于过膨胀状态,采用侧重于后半部分散热的规律可以取得良好的调节效果。     

CBR方法在液体火箭发动机推力室设计中的应用

液体火箭发动机推力室的设计和制造是一项极其复杂的系统工程,其性能参数、结构形式、组织方式、材料等的选择尤其依赖于设计人员丰富的经验和成功研制型号积累的设计知识。为实现对以往设计经验和知识的继承,在推力室的设计中引入了基于案例推理(CBR,case-based reasoning)的方法。基于案例推理的方法作为人工智能领域的一个重要分支,是指将过去对典型问题的求解事例,按一定的组织方式存储起来,积累成案例库,当用户求解某一新问题时,利用该案例库来指导进行求解的一种策略。根据液体火箭发动机推力室的设计内容、设计流程以及设计特点,得出推力室性能参数关系图,并基于案例推理的方法提出了推力室的案例表示方法和案例调整方案,并应用该调整技术实现了具体的案例调整。