轴对称分开排气喷管改混合排气喷管设计方法

为将涡扇发动机轴对称分开排气喷管改型设计为混合排气喷管以获取混合推力增益且改变其红外辐射(IR)特征,提出了一套基于CFD数值计算评估的轴对称分开排气喷管改型设计方法。研究结果包括:①提出了内、外涵气流不同程度掺混时推力的估算方法,估算值与真实值的误差在所研究参数范围内不超过0.005;②分析了内、外涵气流掺混对改型设计的影响,喷管外涵气流与内涵气流的总压比在0.8~1.5之间且掺混度大于0.1时混合排气最有可能产生推力增益,且掺混越好,增益越高;③轴对称分开排气喷管改型设计为带环形混合器的混合排气喷管后,推力系数增加0.0087~0.0126,而采用波瓣混合器时喷管的推力系数则增加0.0289;④相比于分开排气,混合排气喷管在0°~15°方向上的红外辐射强度有所增加,但在其他所有方位角上均大幅下降,最大降幅为77.5%。      

可变几何燃烧室技术发展

对航空发动机可变几何燃烧室的研究状况进行了总结,燃烧室中可变几何结构包括气流分配器、旋流器、掺混孔、火焰稳定器等。可变几何的概念提供了一种灵活控制燃烧室内部气流分配的可能性,为减少发动机尾气排放、提高燃烧效率、保持燃烧室工作的稳定性和可靠性提供了新的突破点。     

航天器燃耗最优轨道直接/间接混合法延拓求解

针对转移时间和始末状态固定的航天器燃耗最优轨道的求解,给出了一种延拓方法:以双脉冲轨道为初值,首先求解全程推进轨道,然后逐步增加推力幅值,应用直接/间接混合法依次求解所有推力幅值下的、满足包括开关函数在内的所有必要条件的转移轨道,包括连续和脉冲推力轨道。通过基于开关函数曲线变化趋势的开关序列预设方法,以及基于已有优化结果的延拓步长自适应方案,实现了延拓方法的自动运行。为实现该延拓方法,给出了适用于改进春分点根数模型的脉冲最优转移轨道主矢量必要条件,推导了无推力轨道段改进春分点根数协态变量状态转移矩阵。通过3个算例对延拓求解会遇到的不同情况进行了具体说明。延拓方法可以看作现有直接/间接混合法的进一步完善与拓展,延拓过程和结果有助于对燃耗最优轨道与系统参数之间的关联获得更为深刻的认识。     

Matching mechanism analysis on an adaptive cycle engine

As a novel aero-engine concept, adaptive cycle aero-engines (ACEs) are attracting wide attention in the international aviation industry due to their potential superior task adaptability along a wide flight regime. However, this superior task adaptability can only be demonstrated through proper combined engine control schedule design. It has resulted in an urgent need to inves-tigate the effect of each variable geometry modulation on engine performance and stability. Thus, the aim of this paper is to predict and discuss the effect of each variable geometry modulation on the matching relationship between engine components as well as the overall engine performance at dif-ferent operating modes, on the basis of a newly developed nonlinear component-based ACE perfor-mance model. Results show that at all four working modes, turning down the high pressure compressor variable stator vane, the low pressure turbine variable nozzle, the nozzle throat area, and turning up the core-driven fan stage variable stator vane, the high pressure turbine variable nozzle can increase the thrust at the expense of a higher high pressure turbine inlet total tempera-ture. However, the influences of these adjustments on the trends of various engine components' working points and working lines as well as the ratio of the rotation speed difference are different from each other. The above results provide valuable guidance and advice for engine combined con-trol schedule design.     

Variable stiffness design of redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms

Redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms (RAPRPMs) adapt to the requirements of robots under different working conditions by changing the antagonistic internal force to tune their stiffness. The geometrical parameters of the mechanism impact the performances of modulating stiffness. Analytical expressions relating stiffness and geometrical parameters of the mechanism were formulated to obtain the necessary conditions of variable stiffness. A novel method of variable stiffness design was presented to optimize the geometrical parameters of the mechanism. The stiffness variation with the internal force was maximized. The dynamic change of stiffness with the dynamic location of the mechanism was minimized, and the robustness of stiff-ness during the motion of the mechanism was ensured. This new approach to variable stiffness design can enable off-line planning of the internal force to avoid the difficulties of on-line control of the internal force.     

双燃烧室冲压发动机直连式实验与数值仿真

通过直连式实验和数值仿真,对双燃烧室冲压发动机的流场结构和性能进行了研究.数值仿真采用了半全局多步化学反应机理,计算的压力分布和实验结果基本一致,计算结果表明:中心高温富油燃气与边区空气在混合层内快速反应,热力喉道出现在约0.9m处,出口处的燃烧效率达到了较高水平.提出了结合直连式实验和数值计算的性能估算方法,结果表明:双燃烧室发动机在马赫数为4,高度为17km状态时具有较高的性能,当燃油当量比为0.9时,发动机内推力为8.3kN,内推力比冲为12.29kN·s/kg,更高的燃油当量比将导致超燃进气道不起动.      

Independent modal variable structure fuzzy active vibration control of thin plates laminated with photostrictive actuators

Photostrictive actuators can produce photodeformation strains under illumination of ultraviolet lights. They can realize non-contact micro-actuation and vibration control for elastic plate structures. Considering the switching actuation and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of photostrictive actuators, a variable structure fuzzy active control scheme is presented to control the light intensity applied to the actuators. Firstly, independent modal vibration control equations of photoelectric laminated plates are established based on modal analysis techniques. Then, the optimal light switching function is derived to increase the range of sliding modal area, and the light intensity self-adjusting fuzzy active controller is designed. Meanwhile, a continuous function is applied to replace a sign function to reduce the variable structure control (VSC) chattering. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out, and simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy provides better performance and control effect to plate actuation and control than velocity feedback control, and suppresses vibration effectively.     

涡流冷却推力室燃烧效率分析

为了分析喷注器对涡流冷却推力室燃烧效率的影响,开展了2kN气氢/气氧涡流冷却推力室的设计、仿真与试验研究,设计加工了三种不同喷嘴分布直径的氢喷注面板,在试验过程中测量了推力、燃烧室圆筒段内壁面温度、内壁面压力等参数,利用热力计算、流场仿真与试验测量结果对涡流冷却推力室燃烧效率进行了分析。结果表明,在所分析的三种喷注面板中,喷嘴分布半径最大的推力室燃烧效率最高,为97.6%。同时开展了透明燃烧室的试验研究,高温火焰在燃烧室圆筒段59.5％半径以内区域,验证了内外涡流结构的存在。仿真结果表明,氢喷嘴分布直径影响燃烧区域的分布,从而影响燃烧效率。      

超燃冲压发动机推力控制系统仿真研究

超燃冲压发动机是最具发展潜力的高超声速飞行器动力装置,具备性能优良的推力控制系统才能保证飞行器的安全自主飞行。为了实现在不同马赫数下的推力特性数值分析,根据飞行坡面建立由前体、进气道、隔离段、燃烧室和尾喷管组成的发动机模型,并通过发动机进、出口的气流动量变化来推算发动机推力。同时为保证推力系统的稳定,根据经典控制算法设计了燃油内环PD控制回路和推力外环PI控制回路。闭环仿真结果表明:该推力控制系统的控制效果良好,能较好地模拟真实控制回路。     

不对称推力飞行的最小操纵速度分析

首先,叙述了发生不对称推力飞行的条件,在不对称推力飞行条件下的操纵方法,以及和最小操纵速度的关系。然后,从横航向运动方程入手,推导出了地面和空中最小操纵速度的计算公式,并以Ｈ６飞机为例进行了计算。结果表明：地面和空中最小操纵速度的大小主要取决于工作发动机推力形成的偏转力矩。最后,分析了影响最小操纵速度的因素,指出了考虑最小操纵速度时不对称推力飞行的特点,可供飞行人员参考。