一种空间拦截卫星的制导方法研究

研究了一种用于拦截卫星的中制导和末制导方法。首先在已有卫星运行轨道上适当选择一点作为预定拦截点。拦截飞行器先采取垂直上升,然后进入中制导过程,采用Lambert制导中的最小能量策略,将其导入一个含预定拦截点的椭圆轨道,直到拦截飞行器上的导引头捕获并持续跟踪目标时转入末制导,末制导过程选用滑模变结构制导律进行控制。最后对设计的制导方法进行仿真分析,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

全向发射状态下运载火箭变结构自适应滑模控制

针对运载火箭全向发射后,系统通道间存在交连耦合问题,提出了基于解耦的变结构自适应滑模控制方法。首先建立了运载火箭全向发射姿态动力学模型;其次推导了一种工程上实用的姿态角预补偿解耦控制方法,并重点分析了残余耦合对姿控系统的影响;最后针对解耦后系统的残余耦合和火箭结构干扰,提出了变结构自适应滑模控制方法。利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了控制系统的全局渐近稳定性。仿真校验了本文提出的控制方法能够实现火箭在全向发射情况下的姿态稳定。     

Transient flow characteristics and performance of a solid rocket motor with a pintle valve

The pintle valve is currently the most promising technology among all thrust control methods for solid rocket motors. Pintle structure and working condition play a critical role in the successful operation of a pintle motor. Here, 2D transient simulations of a pintle motor using dynamic meshing are performed. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the implementation of an RNG k–ε turbulence model. In cold flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of pintle structure, and in hot flow test, emphasis is placed on the effect of propellant pressure exponent. Validation is performed first by comparing the present results with available cold-test experimental data. This shows that the transient simulations can provide good predictions for pintle motors with a relative error of less than 2% in terms of the chamber pressure. It can be found that, when the gas supply system is different, the working principles and conditions of pintle motors are different. The feedback process in propellant combustion has a significant impact on its operation and the effect on the pintle motor performance of different pintle structures is achieved by different variations in the equivalent throat area. Finally, the pressure exponent is an important parameter in hot flow test and changes of thrust in hot flow test are not monotonic, because changes in the flow field and motor performance are asynchronous.     

源项冷却模型的建模以及在平板和涡轮的应用

为了解决由于划分冷气腔和尺寸过小的多排气膜冷却孔导致网格量过大的问题,本文基于NUAA-Turbo平台,在气膜冷却孔出口处建立适用于变比热条件下的源项冷却模型来代替冷却气体从孔内流出,并且在孔内建立换热模型,用于模拟孔内的对流冷却。对气膜冷却平板算例气动研究发现:在吹风比为1.0时,计算值与试验值相吻合。而对吹风比为1.5的孔下游近壁处计算时,发现流向速度计算值与试验值存在11.1%的误差,但小于商用软件44.4%的误差,尽管发现优化后的源项冷却模型不能很好反映下游近壁处法向速度分布,但计算精度在商用软件源项冷却模型基础上有25%的提高。为了证明该方法的可行性,对气冷高压涡轮MT1导叶的等熵马赫数以及平均努塞尔数等相关实验数据与计算数据作了对比,研究发现:在吸力面和压力面计算值与试验吻合较好,而在无冷却气膜覆盖的叶片尾缘和叶片前缘等局部位置计算值与试验值存在误差。研究表明:优化后的源项冷却模型能够较为准确地模拟冷却射流的宏观特征,该方法对工程上气冷涡轮的设计有一定的应用潜力。     

涡扇发动机可变几何参数调节对性能影响的分析

对于混合排气加力涡扇发动机可变几何参数调节对其性能的影响进行了分析研究, 结果表明在超声速飞行条件下调节几何参数对于改善性能有显着效果。      

Variable structure maneuvering control with time-varying sliding surface and active vibration damping of flexible spacecraft with input saturation

This paper presents a dual-stage control system design method for the three-axis-rotational maneuver and vibration stabilization of a spacecraft with flexible appendages embedded with piezoceramics as sensors/actuators. In this design approach, attitude control system and vibration suppression were designed separately using lower order model. The design of attitude controller was based on variable-structure control (VSC) theory leading to a discontinuous control law. To accomplish asymptotic attitude maneuvering in the closed-loop system and be insensitive to the interaction of elastic modes in the presence of unknown disturbances/uncertainty and input saturation as well, a switching mechanism is employed to design the attitude controller such that outside the sliding region VSC law with a time-varying sliding surface is implemented and inside the region the VSC law with a linear sliding surface is activated. Furthermore, a hyperbolic tangent function in conjunction with a sharpness function permitted to vary with time according to a set of user-defined parameters is implemented to offset the disadvantages of existing saturation-respecting controller and chattering. In addition, for actively damping the excited elastic vibrations during attitude maneuvering, modal velocity feedback and strain rate feedback control design methods are presented and compared by using piezoelectric materials as additional sensors and actuators bonded on the surface of the flexible appendages. Numerical simulations are performed to show that rotational maneuver and vibration suppression are accomplished in spite of the presence of disturbance torque, parameter uncertainty and control saturation nonlinearity.     

基于变论域的导弹电液伺服机构自适应模糊滑模控制

针对导弹电液伺服机构的跟踪控制,提出了一种自适应变论域模糊滑模的设计方案。引入变论域自适应模糊控制器,在线调节输入变量论域和规则后件隶属度函数以逼近理想控制器,使控制器的设计不依赖于被控对象的精确数学模型,确定模糊滑模补偿控制项,以补偿逼近误差并消除外部干扰的影响。仿真实验结果验证了该控制方案的有效性。     

控制性能精确可控的自适应鲁棒容错控制方法研究

一般而言,实现控制性能约束精确可控与满足控制系统鲁棒的要求之间存在着难以两全的矛盾。容错控制也是如此,精准的控制性能要求与对故障诊断误差的鲁棒性之间也存在着这样的矛盾。针对这一问题,提出了将参数空间方法、变结构理论以及模型参考自适应理论相结合的自适应鲁棒容错控制方法。该方法的基本思路是将容错控制系统分为内外两部分,内部为基于参数空间的容错控制系统,可以灵活适应精确的控制性能约束(对应极点配置)和一定范围的控制性能约束(对应区域极点配置),外部则为基于变结构模型参考自适应方法的控制系统,主要目的是提高容错控制系统的鲁棒性。通过仿真证明了这种自适应鲁棒容错控制方法既能保证系统满足精确的控制性能约束,又能保证对故障诊断误差有较高的鲁棒性。     

一种变旋翼转速直升机/涡轴发动机非线性模型预测控制方法研究

为了实现变旋翼转速直升机/涡轴发动机快速响应控制,提出了一种基于神经网络的直升机旋翼预测模型与基于状态变量模型的涡轴发动机预测模型的新型非线性模型预测控制方法。所建目标函数除了包含转速控制指标外,还考虑了经两级变速双离合器传动机构传扭后发动机输出轴的转子动力学特性。不同飞行任务下的数值仿真结果表明:相对于PID控制器而言,非线性模型预测控制器可在满足压气机转速、发动机静强度等限制条件下使动力涡轮转速在变旋翼转速过程中的超调量减小50%,下垂量降至0.2%以内,实现了涡轴发动机的快速响应控制的同时,有利于改善发动机使用寿命。     

基于扩张状态观测器的燃气舵舵机位置控制

为了实现对燃气舵舵片的高精度位置控制,设计了高阶非线性扩张状态观测器对舵机位置系统进行精确闭环控制。通过将参数摄动耦合项和外界扰动项合并为一个新的状态量,将原有三阶位置系统扩张为四阶控制系统。采用滑模变结构控制器对状态观测器观测结果进行控制,使舵机偏转角度达到预定值。分别采用传统PID控制和所设计的高阶非线性扩张状态观测器对舵机控制系统进行仿真,来验证所设计的控制器的响应性能和稳定性能。结果表明:相比于传统的PID控制器,所设计的高阶非线性扩张状态控制器具有更高的跟踪精度和更快的响应性能,其响应时间在0.1s以内,提升了约0.7s,且该控制系统无超调量的产生。该控制器在鲁棒性、抗干扰性上体现出更好的特点,因此可以更好地实现整体伺服系统的位置控制。