四旋翼无人机动态面控制

针对四旋翼无人机（UAV）飞行器系统欠驱动特点,引入动态面控制方法,对四旋翼UAV的位置和姿态进行控制。考虑到飞行器速度和角速度难以测量,设计高增益观测器得到UAV的速度和角速度的估计值。相对于反演法,动态面控制的设计更简洁,并且通过引入滤波器来求取控制信号中的系统状态的导数项。另外,常用的时标分离方法不能给出全局稳定性分析,本文引入动态面设计控制律保证系统所有信号半全局一致有界,同时给出系统全局稳定性证明。仿真结果表明,四旋翼UAV能快速精确完成目标跟踪。      

深度确定性策略梯度算法用于无人飞行器控制

对深度确定性策略梯度算法训练智能体学习小型无人飞行器的飞行控制策略进行了探索研究。以多数据帧的速度、位置和姿态角等信息作为智能体的观察状态,舵摆角和发动机推力指令作为智能体的输出动作,飞行器的非线性模型和飞行环境作为智能体的学习环境。智能体在与环境交互过程中除了获得包含误差信息的密集惩罚外,也有达成一定目标的稀疏奖励,该设计有效提高了飞行数据的样本多样性,增强了智能体的学习效率。最后智能体实现了从位置、速度和姿态角等信息到控制量的端到端飞行控制,并进行了变航迹点、模型参数拉偏、注入扰动和故障条件下的飞行控制仿真,结果表明智能体除了能有效完成训练任务外,还能应对多种训练时未学习的飞行任务,具有优秀的泛化能力和鲁棒性,该方法具有一定的研究价值和工程参考价值。     

Proactive optimization of transmission power and 3D trajectory in UAV-assisted relay systems with mobile ground users

In this paper, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay communication system is studied, where a UAV is served as a flying relay to maintain a communication link between a mobile source node and a remote destination node. Specifically, an average outage probability minimization problem is formulated firstly, with the constraints on the transmission power of the source node, the maximum energy consumption budget, the transmission power, the speed and acceleration of the flying UAV relay. Next, the closed-form of outage probability is derived, under the hybrid line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight probability channel model. To deal with the formulated nonconvex optimization, a long-term proactive optimization mechanism is developed. In particular, firstly, an approximation for line-of-sight probability and a reformulation of the primal problem are given, respectively. Then, the reformulated problem is transformed into two subproblems: one is the transmission power optimization with given UAV’s trajectory and the other is the trajectory optimization with given transmission power allocation. Next, two subproblems are tackled via tailoring primal–dual subgradient method and successive convex approximation, respectively. Furthermore, a proactive optimization algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the transmission power allocation and the three-dimensional trajectory. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm under various parameter configurations.     

考虑多边界状态约束的飞翼布局无人机姿态控制

以大展弦比飞翼布局无人机为研究对象,针对强扰动环境下多边界状态约束时的飞行姿态控制问题,提出一种指令-控制律联合限制的全状态约束控制方法。该控制方法分别独立设计了指令边界限制器、过渡指令产生器和指令跟踪控制器3个部分。首先,基于无人机动力学特性设计的指令边界限制器,利用无人机的各个状态边界来限制姿态控制器的指令,实现了将非受控状态的约束问题转化为受控状态的约束问题;其次,基于"安排过渡过程"的思想并考虑约束限制环节,设计了过渡指令产生器,为无人机在线生成从当前姿态到期望跟踪姿态的过渡指令;最后,基于障碍Lyapunov函数和扩张状态观测器,设计了指令跟踪控制器,使无人机能够克服干扰且快速稳定地跟踪过渡指令。通过采用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析,该控制方法能够保证姿态跟踪误差收敛有界,且始终处于给定区间内部。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够保证无人机飞行状态在不超出约束边界的同时,实现对姿态指令的准确跟踪。     

无人机绳钩回收系统的动力学特性仿真分析

无人机(UAV)精确定点回收是促进中小型无人机广泛应用的关键技术,而绳钩回收是一种适合小型固定翼无人机在狭窄场地或舰船上实现精确定点回收的先进回收方式,其具有良好的研究应用价值和开发前景。采用基于矢量封闭环、欧拉运动学和动力学方程的联立约束法,解决了无人机绳钩回收系统的空间机构运动的动力学求解问题。基于无人机绳钩回收系统动力学模型,对无人机回收时系统吸能缓冲过程中的动力学特性进行了深入分析。在MATLAB/Simulink环境中通过对动力学模型的仿真,得出以无人机速度变化为代表的系统主要性能指标,同时探讨了参数变化对系统主要性能的影响,并分析了回收过程中拦阻力峰值载荷下的机翼应力和应变。结果表明,无人机绳钩回收性能优良,是一种可开发研制的新型回收技术,为开展无人机绳钩回收系统的工程研制提供了重要的理论参考。     

一种无人机定距盘旋跟踪制导律及稳定性证明

对地面目标的定距盘旋跟踪问题是无人机（UAVs）在任务应用阶段需要面临的重要问题之一,如何在传感器信息受限的情况下完成跟踪任务是目前的研究热点。首先针对地面固定目标设计了一种仅依赖测距传感器的制导律,不再需要传统的视线角信号以及目标和无人机自身的定位信息;其次,设计了李雅普诺夫函数对该制导律的稳定性进行了严格数学证明;最后,将该制导律推广到对地面匀速和变速移动目标的跟踪制导。相比于现有制导律,所提出的制导律结构更为简洁,仅有一个设计参数,并且制导策略更为合理。仿真结果表明所提出的制导律能够实现无人机对地面固定和移动目标的稳定跟踪。     

飞翼布局无人机进排气影响及机理分析

进气道尾喷管的存在不仅影响着飞机机身前后的流场特性与压力分布,而且影响着飞机升力特性、阻力特性以及力矩特性.为了研究进排气效应对飞机气动特性的影响,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟技术,建立飞翼布局无人机(UAV)堵锥整流模型和动力影响模型,其中动力影响模型是根据发动机不同的工作状态,在进气道以及尾喷管截面上设置不同的边界条件,对比分析这两种计算模型在流场特征和气动特性上的差异性,揭示内在的影响机理.进排气效应的研究有助于飞机/发动机的一体化气动综合设计.      

Transition characteristics for a small tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle

Research on the transition phase of tail-sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is crucial for trajectory planning and performance analysis. This study focuses on the analysis of the transition characteristics and path of a small dual-rotor tail-sitter UAV, including static and dynamic computations. The system input time delay and actuator dynamics are specifically considered during the dynamic analysis, and these actual physical properties ensure that the computation results are reliable and reasonable. The UAV steady-state limit is obtained through static analysis, which is also adopted to verify the correctness of the dynamic results. In regard to the dynamic analysis, several typical transition approaches are computed based on different initial states and optimization objective functions, and the different computations are applicable under specific task conditions. The off-line dynamic results of the transition path and actuator output sequence could also be adopted as reference values for the transition process during real flight. A comparison of the static and dynamic results illustrates the necessity of combining these two methods for UAV transition characteristic analysis. Furthermore, the UAV conceptual parameters related to the transition path are also studied, and the obtained quantitative characteristics provide feedback for the UAV conceptual design.     

天线阵方向图无人机测试系统研究

本文针对大型米波接收相控阵天线方向图的测量需求,研究了一种基于无人机的测试系统。阐述了测试系统在接收阵天线方向图测量应用中的必要性、可行性和相关技术问题;定性地分析了无人机测量相控阵天线的各种测量误差来源;探讨并提出了一种针对性强、工程可实现性高的测试系统的设计方案和思路。