克努森数对气膜冷却流动换热相似特性的影响

数值模拟研究克努森数Kn对不同尺度气膜冷却流动换热相似特性的影响,选取孔径为0.3,3,10mm平板单排圆柱形气膜孔模型,计算得到模型在Kn不同与相同条件下冷却效率和孔流量系数.结果表明:Kn相同时,小孔与大孔模型流动换热特性相似,冷却效率及流量系数均吻合很好;Kn不同时,两模型流动换热特性存在一定差异,冷却效率及流量系数吻合较差.因此为在气膜冷却相似放大研究中得到准确的相似结果,需要保证小孔及大孔模型的Kn相同.      

Reduced order model for unsteady aerodynamic performance of compressor cascade based on recursive RBF

Based on Recursive Radial Basis Function (RRBF) neural network, the Reduced Order Model (ROM) of compressor cascade was established to meet the urgent demand of highly efficient prediction of unsteady aerodynamics performance of turbomachinery. One novel ROM called ASA-RRBF model based on Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) algorithm was developed to enhance the generalization ability of the unsteady ROM. The ROM was verified by predicting the unsteady aerodynamics performance of a highly-loaded compressor cascade. The results show that the RRBF model has higher accuracy in identification of the dimensionless total pressure and dimensionless static pressure of compressor cascade under nonlinear and unsteady conditions, and the model behaves higher stability and computational efficiency. However, for the strong nonlinear characteristics of aerodynamic parameters, the RRBF model presents lower accuracy. Additionally, the RRBF model predicts with a large error in the identification of aerodynamic parameters under linear and unsteady conditions. For ASA-RRBF, by introducing a small-amplitude and high-frequency sinusoidal signal as validation sample, the width of the basis function of the RRBF model is optimized to improve the generalization ability of the ROM under linear unsteady conditions. Besides, this model improves the predicting accuracy of dimensionless static pressure which has strong nonlinear characteristics. The ASA-RRBF model has higher prediction accuracy than RRBF model without significantly increasing the total time consumption. This novel model can predict the linear hysteresis of dimensionless static pressure happened in the harmonic condition, but it cannot accurately predict the beat frequency of dimensionless total pressure.     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

非定常耦合流动对叶片动力响应的影响

针对"在轴流压气机中实现非定常耦合流动状态时,是否会引发下游转子产生结构振动问题"进行了研究.在已有的三维非定常CFD(计算流体动力学)计算频谱分析结果的基础上,使用有限元方法进行模态分析,通过调整上游静叶数的手段,研究实现耦合流动后产生的动力响应问题,并对调整前后压气机的气动特性进行比较.结果证明,通过适当的调整上游静子叶片数,可以在最大化发掘非定常耦合流动的潜力的同时避开转子的共振频率.      

苏通长江大桥主梁断面三分力系数的雷诺数效应

以苏通长江大桥为研究背景,研发了一套测压装置,通过测压法对苏通长江大桥施工状态主梁断面三分力系数进行了现场实测研究,并把现场实测所得结果与风洞试验结果进行了对比,研究了雷诺数对三分力系数的影响。结果表明：雷诺数对阻力系数影响较大,现场实测值比风洞试验所得值小约15％,对升力系数及力矩系数影响较小。因此,针对特大桥梁,在利用风洞实验获取三分力系数时应尽量使雷诺数接近实际情况,否则结果可能偏于保守。     

低雷诺数分布式螺旋桨滑流气动影响

以高空长航时（HALE）太阳能无人机（UAVs）研究为背景,采用基于混合网格技术及k-k_L-ω转捩模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程的多重参考系（MRF）方法,对3种螺旋桨-机翼构型的低雷诺数气动特性进行了高精度准定常数值模拟,在等拉力前提条件下,通过对比机翼气动力系数及表面流场结构特征分析了分布式螺旋桨（DEP）滑流对FX63-137机翼的气动影响。研究表明：螺旋桨滑流影响使得桨后总压及流速显著增大,这是机翼升力增大的主要原因,但同时机翼阻力特性急剧恶化,升阻比反而降低;螺旋桨滑流向机翼边界层内注入丰富湍动能从而抑制流动分离,扩大机翼表面湍流范围及附着流动区域;分布式螺旋桨滑流与低雷诺数机翼表面复杂流动相互作用显著,主要表现为滑流区域边界展向涡结构的产生。     

马赫数可控的方转圆内收缩进气道非设计点工作特性

基于反正切马赫数分布的弥散反射激波中心体轴对称基准流场,设计了方转圆内收缩进气道,并对其进行风洞试验和数值仿真研究,获得该进气道非设计点（Ma=5.0和Ma=7.0）的工作特性和自起动特性。试验结果表明：进气道顶板压力分布具有反正切曲线特征,出口涡流区小且总体性能优良。Ma=5.0和Ma=7.0时出口总压恢复系数分别为0.647和0.443,对应的增压比分别为20.0和32.7。Ma=5.0时,进气道不但可以捕获约90%的自由来流,而且能够自起动（内收缩比高于Kantrowitz限制）,下临界反压为64倍来流静压,对应的出口马赫数和总压恢复系数分别为1.32和0.409。上述结果表明,本文设计方法可以获得高性能的矩形转圆内收缩进气道。     

胚胎电子细胞中基因备份数目优选方法

分析现有胚胎电子细胞基因存储结构的基础上,考虑基因备份数目对自修复过程的影响,建立了可靠性模型;并根据存储结构的具体实现方式,建立了硬件消耗模型。以可靠性模型和硬件消耗模型为基础,通过分析可靠性、硬件消耗与基因备份数目间的关系,提出了一种基因备份数目优选方法。该方法根据目标电路的可靠性、硬件消耗设计要求,选择兼顾系统可靠性、硬件消耗的基因存储方式、基因备份数目及胚胎电子阵列规模,具有工程应用价值。通过某电路的基因备份数目的选择,对该方法进行了验证。      

封闭槽盒中电缆散热的差分干涉研究

本文报导了利用双像效应测相干光线分离距离的一种实验方法,使得在缺少有关光学参数情况下,仍可进行差分干涉图的定量计算。采用激光差分干涉仪对敷设在封闭槽盒中电缆群的自然对流换热进行了实验研究,得到了沿电缆表面局部 Nu 数的分布,与无限空间相同条件和相同工况时电缆表面的平均 Nu 数相比,约降低15%。     

外流马赫数对逆流推力矢量喷管性能的影响

为了研究外流马赫数变化对逆流推力矢量喷管内部流场结构和性能特点的影响,参考实验,数值模拟了不同马赫数下的流场结构、喷管矢量角和逆向二次流质量流量系数。结果表明:外流马赫数从0增加到0.8的过程中,喷管内流场结构会随着外流马赫数的增大而不断变化从而改变主流两侧压力差,进而导致矢量角逐渐减小,与此同时二次流质量流量系数快速增大;外流马赫数从0.8增大到1.5的过程中,流场结构和矢量角随马赫数变化没有明显变化,二次流质量流量系数缓慢增大。