胚胎电子细胞中基因备份数目优选方法

分析现有胚胎电子细胞基因存储结构的基础上,考虑基因备份数目对自修复过程的影响,建立了可靠性模型;并根据存储结构的具体实现方式,建立了硬件消耗模型。以可靠性模型和硬件消耗模型为基础,通过分析可靠性、硬件消耗与基因备份数目间的关系,提出了一种基因备份数目优选方法。该方法根据目标电路的可靠性、硬件消耗设计要求,选择兼顾系统可靠性、硬件消耗的基因存储方式、基因备份数目及胚胎电子阵列规模,具有工程应用价值。通过某电路的基因备份数目的选择,对该方法进行了验证。      

Reflection of a moving shock wave over an oblique shock wave

The reflection of a moving shock wave over a wedge immersed in a still gas and the reflection of a wedge induced steady shock wave over symmetrical and asymmetrical reflecting surfaces have received intensive considerations since more than 70 years ago. Here we consider a different shock reflection problem—reflection of a moving shock wave over an initially steady oblique shock wave induced by a wedge immersed in supersonic flow. For the flow condition we considered, five moving triple points, with each connecting an incident shock wave, a reflected shock wave and a Mach stem, are identified. By using the reference frame co-moving with each triple point, the type of each shock wave of this triple point is clarified. The present study is significant in that it treats a new shock reflection problem leading to a new shock reflection configuration and showing potential applications in supersonic flow with unsteady shock interaction.     

Influence of shock wave impinging region on supersonic film cooling

Shock waves can significantly affect the film cooling for supersonic flow and shock waves may have different influence when impinging in different regions. The present study numerically compared the results of shock wave impinging in three different regions and analyzed the effect of impinging region. The shock wave generators were located at x/s = 5, 25, 45 with 4°, 7° and 10° shock wave incidence. The mainstream Mach number was 3.2 and the coolant Mach number was 1.2 or 1.5. The numerical results illustrated that the shock wave impinged in the further upstream region led to a larger high-pressure region and a larger vortex in the boundary layer. Moreover, placing the shock wave generator upstream resulted in the lower mass fraction of coolant in the downstream region. The velocity in the upstream part of the cooling layer was lower than the midstream and downstream part, which resulted in the less ability to resist the shock wave impingement. Therefore, the upstream impingement deteriorated the cooling performance to a greater extent. The study also manifested that the stronger shock wave had a larger effect on supersonic film cooling. Increasing the coolant inlet Mach number can increase the blowing ratio and reduce the mixing, which was of benefit to improve cooling effect.     

水润滑轴承微观界面流场特性的数值模拟

为了研究水润滑高分子材料轴承的微观界面的流场特性,本文以单个微凹体中的流场作为研究对象,建立了单个微凹体流动模型。采用多松弛格子玻尔兹曼方法MRT-LBM (multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method)对单个微凹体的流体流动问题进行数值模拟。研究了流场中速度的变化规律,以及流场中流线分布随雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明当雷诺数较低时,流场处于稳定性流动状态;当雷诺数达到一定程度时,流场处于周期流动状态;当雷诺数很高时,流场处于湍流运动状态。探究微观流场中复杂的变化规律,为研究水润滑高分子材料轴承的润滑和摩擦性能提供一些理论支撑。     

双毛细管法高温气态环己烷黏度测量研究

为了探索双毛细管法在碳氢燃料高温气态黏度测量中的应用,本文采用双毛细管法测量了亚临界压力下环己烷的高温气态黏度。测量温度范围：301.9 K-567.1 K（间隔约10K）;压力范围：0.5MPa-4.0MPa（间隔1.0 MPa）。考虑螺旋管圈的二次流效应,使用基于雷诺数（Re）或迪恩数（De）的函数关系式对黏度测量结果进行离心修正。在测量参数条件下,气态环己烷的雷诺数Re ≤ 1984.5。研究表明：双毛细管法测量环己烷液态和气态黏度时,螺旋管圈的二次流效应具有显著差别;液态环己烷的离心修正系数小于 4.32%,气态环己烷的离心修正系数最高达到 49%;离心力二次流效应是影响环己烷气态黏度测量精度的最重要因素;离心修正关系式的准确度对环己烷气态黏度测量结果的不确定度产生显著影响。     

Computations of unsteady transonic flow over airfoil at low Reynolds number

Transonic flow over a thin airfoil at low Reynolds number was studied numerically by directly solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations through 5th order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO) scheme without using any turbulence model.A series of distinguished unsteady phenomena for a thin 2-D transonic airfoil flow were presented.Due to continuous adverse pressure gradient in the subsonic flow downstream of the sonic line, the unsteady separated boundary layer with main vortex and secondary vortex was developed at the rear of the airfoil.At the trailing edge,the vortex-shedding was characterized by periodical connection of the main vortex and secondary vortex on the other side of the airfoil.The unsteady separation and vortex-shedding occurred with the same period.On the airfoil surface,the average pulse pressure related to the unsteady supersonic region was obviously smaller than that related to the vortex-shedding at the trailing edge.With the attack angle increasing from 0° to 2°, the frequency of vortex-shedding decreases about 4.2%.At last, the turbulence intensity and many second-order statistics in the wake region were investigated.      

低雷诺数高负荷低压涡轮叶型的气动设计

采用平面叶栅实验和数值模拟研究了不同负荷分布设计以及基于二维展向凹槽处理的非光滑型面设计对高负荷低压涡轮叶型流动损失的影响规律.研究表明:在低雷诺数状态下前加载负荷分布设计对高负荷低压涡轮叶型的二维气动性能更有利;二维展向凹槽处理的非光滑型面设计能够有效改善高负荷低压涡轮叶型在低雷诺数状态下的气动性能,但同时可在一定程度上恶化叶型在高雷诺数状态下的气动性能;基于二维展向凹槽处理的非光滑型面设计与后加载负荷分布设计的结合能够在更为宽广的雷诺数工况范围内改善叶型的气动性能.      

基于涡格法的近程无人机气动优化与风洞实验验证

针对低雷诺数的近程无人机,利用涡格法(VLM)对无人机气动特性进行了加装翼尖小翼优化设计,并通过风洞实验进行了验证.首先给出了翼尖小翼的几何参数并分析其对全机气动特性的影响,其次利用涡格法对小翼进行气动建模和优选,针对无人机巡航状态给出了小翼优化结果,最后利用风洞实验对优化前后的无人机进行了吹风实验对比验证,实验结果表明,涡格法和风洞实验结果在线性段相符,涡格法能够较准确地描述和预测翼尖小翼特性,加装翼尖小翼后的无人机巡航状态升阻比提高12%,全机滚转阻尼加大,偏航阻尼变化很小.     

高速自然超空泡射弹阻力特性试验研究

为了研究水下高速自然超空泡射弹的阻力特性,针对带有圆盘空化器的多锥体射弹模型,设计了多种结构参数的射弹模型,进行了高速射弹从空气射入水中形成超空泡的试验。通过对试验数据的分析和处理,得到了不同空化数、不同空化器直径以及不同射弹长细比对射弹阻力系数的影响。试验结果表明：在空化器直径和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化数的增加,射弹阻力系数变化很小;在空化数和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化器直径的增加,射弹阻力系数增大;在空化数和空化器直径不变的情况下,随着射弹长细比的增加,射弹阻力系数减小。试验结果为进一步研究高速超空泡射弹的水动力特性和水下弹道特性提供了参考。     

双曲线圆截面建筑结构雷诺数效应模拟实践

在流线型结构气动性能风洞试验研究中,结构表面绕流特征雷诺数效应的准确模拟对于确定风荷载、评价其气动性能的影响是决定性的.通过改变模型表面粗糙度可以实现原型结构超高雷诺数条件(Re≥10~7)绕流效应模拟,但模拟手段及效果受人为经验因素影响较大,难于总结表面粗糙度与绕流形态变化关系,给实际模拟操作造成不便.设计两组双曲线圆截面结构模型风洞试验,通过在模型表面粘贴不同厚度粗糙纸带的办法,尝试并实现了模型超高雷诺数条件绕流特征模拟,分析了粗糙度及试验风速对模型表面绕流压力分布、截面阻力系数等参数的影响,初步总结了相对粗糙度随模型尺度的变化规律,为更好展开圆截面建筑结构气动性能研究提供了借鉴.