Unsteady aerodynamic modeling at high angles of attack using support vector machines

Accurate aerodynamic models are the basis of flight simulation and control law design.Mathematically modeling unsteady aerodynamics at high angles of attack bears great difficulties in model structure determination and parameter estimation due to little understanding of the flow mechanism.Support vector machines(SVMs)based on statistical learning theory provide a novel tool for nonlinear system modeling.The work presented here examines the feasibility of applying SVMs to high angle-of-attack unsteady aerodynamic modeling field.Mainly,after a review of SVMs,several issues associated with unsteady aerodynamic modeling by use of SVMs are discussed in detail,such as selection of input variables,selection of output variables and determination of SVM parameters.The least squares SVM(LS-SVM)models are set up from certain dynamic wind tunnel test data of a delta wing and an aircraft configuration,and then used to predict the aerodynamic responses in other tests.The predictions are in good agreement with the test data,which indicates the satisfying learning and generalization performance of LS-SVMs.     

最高集聚人数在航站楼功能区面积设计的应用

航站楼设计时确定各功能区面积是首要的。引入最高集聚人数这一概念，通过分析、计算、应用举例，并用实际调查的数据进行了全面细致的验证。为航站楼面积设计找出一个科学准确的设计工具，为航站楼设计者提供方便。     

Reduced order model for unsteady aerodynamic performance of compressor cascade based on recursive RBF

Based on Recursive Radial Basis Function (RRBF) neural network, the Reduced Order Model (ROM) of compressor cascade was established to meet the urgent demand of highly efficient prediction of unsteady aerodynamics performance of turbomachinery. One novel ROM called ASA-RRBF model based on Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) algorithm was developed to enhance the generalization ability of the unsteady ROM. The ROM was verified by predicting the unsteady aerodynamics performance of a highly-loaded compressor cascade. The results show that the RRBF model has higher accuracy in identification of the dimensionless total pressure and dimensionless static pressure of compressor cascade under nonlinear and unsteady conditions, and the model behaves higher stability and computational efficiency. However, for the strong nonlinear characteristics of aerodynamic parameters, the RRBF model presents lower accuracy. Additionally, the RRBF model predicts with a large error in the identification of aerodynamic parameters under linear and unsteady conditions. For ASA-RRBF, by introducing a small-amplitude and high-frequency sinusoidal signal as validation sample, the width of the basis function of the RRBF model is optimized to improve the generalization ability of the ROM under linear unsteady conditions. Besides, this model improves the predicting accuracy of dimensionless static pressure which has strong nonlinear characteristics. The ASA-RRBF model has higher prediction accuracy than RRBF model without significantly increasing the total time consumption. This novel model can predict the linear hysteresis of dimensionless static pressure happened in the harmonic condition, but it cannot accurately predict the beat frequency of dimensionless total pressure.     

地球弓激波的三维模拟

利用磁流体动力学(MHD)全球模拟结果,根据弓激波的跃变特性确定出弓激波位置,建立了一个新的综合考虑了快磁声马赫数、太阳风动压、行星际磁场强度以及磁层顶曲率半径的弓激波三维位型模型.将新模型与以往模型的模拟结果进行比较发现,新的弓激波全球模型结果可靠,解决了部分现有模型不能描述弓激波三维位型的问题.研究结果表明,在行星际磁场北向时,随着快磁声马赫数的增大,弓激波日下点距离减小,但是在行星际磁场南向时,快磁声马赫数的变化对弓激波日下点距离影响不大;弓激波位型在赤道面与子午面上存在明显的不对称性,而且随着行星际磁场的转向,这种非对称性也会发生相应改变;行星际磁场南向,B_z值较小时,子午面内弓激波位型已经不是简单的抛物线,出现了明显的类似于极尖区磁层顶的凹陷变化区.      

高超声速气动热数值计算壁面网格准则

首先对高超声速气动热数值模拟中的3种壁面法向网格准则(平均自由程(MFP)、自由来流参数网格雷诺数和壁面参数网格雷诺数准则)进行了分析.随后,提出了壁面参数预估方法,使得壁面参数网格雷诺数和MFP两种准则无需进行试算即可直接预估壁面法向网格尺度.其次,运用提出的壁面参数预估方法结合不同网格准则,在同一实验条件下确定多个壁面法向网格尺度,通过与实验数据对比研究各网格准则确定的壁面法向网格尺度是否满足热环境模拟精度要求,并对提出的壁面参数预估方法进行验证.最后,开展了高超声速二维完全气体及真实气体效应算例、三维钝双锥算例的数值模拟.研究表明,壁面参数预估方法是可靠的;自由来流参数网格雷诺数准则随来流静温变化所确定的网格尺度变化趋势与物理推理相悖;基于壁面参数网格雷诺数和MFP两种准则主要受壁面温度影响,其在同一条件下所确定的网格尺度基本一致,并满足热环境模拟的精度要求.      

克努森数对气膜冷却流动换热相似特性的影响

数值模拟研究克努森数Kn对不同尺度气膜冷却流动换热相似特性的影响,选取孔径为0.3,3,10mm平板单排圆柱形气膜孔模型,计算得到模型在Kn不同与相同条件下冷却效率和孔流量系数.结果表明:Kn相同时,小孔与大孔模型流动换热特性相似,冷却效率及流量系数均吻合很好;Kn不同时,两模型流动换热特性存在一定差异,冷却效率及流量系数吻合较差.因此为在气膜冷却相似放大研究中得到准确的相似结果,需要保证小孔及大孔模型的Kn相同.      

低雷诺数下翼面局部振动增升机理研究

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究低雷诺数下翼面局部振动对翼型气动特性及其流动特征的影响规律。建立局部振动激励的力学模型,并采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉坐标系下的特征线有限元(ALE-CBS)方法对局部振动激励下翼型绕流问题进行模拟,分析局部振动对非定常流动演化的影响规律,揭示其增升机理。研究结果表明:翼面局部变形的增加会有效降低翼型上表面的前缘压力;非定常流动分离中旋涡之间的距离及其演化频率与振动频率的关系是影响翼型翼面局部振动增升效果的重要因素。当流场主频率与振动频率相同,次要频率为主频率的2倍,即发生锁频时,翼面振动产生的移动分离泡能够使分离区从主流获取更多的能量,使翼型上表面保持较低的压力,有效提高翼型升力。     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

马赫数可控的方转圆内收缩进气道非设计点工作特性

基于反正切马赫数分布的弥散反射激波中心体轴对称基准流场,设计了方转圆内收缩进气道,并对其进行风洞试验和数值仿真研究,获得该进气道非设计点（Ma=5.0和Ma=7.0）的工作特性和自起动特性。试验结果表明：进气道顶板压力分布具有反正切曲线特征,出口涡流区小且总体性能优良。Ma=5.0和Ma=7.0时出口总压恢复系数分别为0.647和0.443,对应的增压比分别为20.0和32.7。Ma=5.0时,进气道不但可以捕获约90%的自由来流,而且能够自起动（内收缩比高于Kantrowitz限制）,下临界反压为64倍来流静压,对应的出口马赫数和总压恢复系数分别为1.32和0.409。上述结果表明,本文设计方法可以获得高性能的矩形转圆内收缩进气道。     

低雷诺数分布式螺旋桨滑流气动影响

以高空长航时（HALE）太阳能无人机（UAVs）研究为背景,采用基于混合网格技术及k-k_L-ω转捩模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程的多重参考系（MRF）方法,对3种螺旋桨-机翼构型的低雷诺数气动特性进行了高精度准定常数值模拟,在等拉力前提条件下,通过对比机翼气动力系数及表面流场结构特征分析了分布式螺旋桨（DEP）滑流对FX63-137机翼的气动影响。研究表明：螺旋桨滑流影响使得桨后总压及流速显著增大,这是机翼升力增大的主要原因,但同时机翼阻力特性急剧恶化,升阻比反而降低;螺旋桨滑流向机翼边界层内注入丰富湍动能从而抑制流动分离,扩大机翼表面湍流范围及附着流动区域;分布式螺旋桨滑流与低雷诺数机翼表面复杂流动相互作用显著,主要表现为滑流区域边界展向涡结构的产生。