横截面形状对超声速磁流体发生器性能的影响

通过三维数值模拟研究了不同横截面形状的磁流体(MHD)发生器的热、电磁流动特性,发生器入口采用超声速来流条件,旨在应用于磁流体旁路超燃冲压发动机推进系统。数值模拟采用低磁雷诺数下磁流体五方程模型,通过熵条件格式和超松弛迭代(SOR)法联合算法分别求解Navier-Stokes方程组和电势方程。研究表明在电极壁面上电场、电流以及洛伦兹力等电磁场参数呈周期性变化,由于电极端点效应,电磁场参数在电极端点出现周期性的极值,而在管道中心电极端点效应对电流影响并不大,沿着流向电流保持连续变化。对不同管道横截面形状的发生器的数值模拟表明:由于涡电流和二次流效应的影响,形状参数较小的发生器焦耳热较为严重,二次流较弱;而形状参数较大的发生器焦耳热较小,二次流增强。因此,当形状参数α=0.8时可获得较好的焓提取率和电效率。     

Vehicle State and Parameter Estimation Based on Dual Unscented Particle Filter Algorithm

Acquisition of real-time and accurate vehicle state and parameter information is critical to the research of vehicle dynamic control system. By studying the defects of the former Kalman filter based estimation method, a new estimating method is proposed. First the nonlinear vehicle dynamics system, containing inaccurate model pa rameters and constant noise, is established. Then a dual unscented particle filter （DUPF） algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm two unscented particle filters run in parallel, states estimation and parameters estimation update each other. The results of simulation and vehicle ground testing indicate that the DUPF algorithm has higher state estimation accuracy than unscented Kalman filter （UKF） and dual extended Kalman filter （DEKF）, and it also has good capability to revise model parameters.     

Optimal diving maneuver strategy considering guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle

An optimal maneuver strategy considering terminal guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle in dive phase is investigated in this paper. First, it derives the complete three-dimensional nonlinear coupled motion equation without any approximations based on diving relative motion relationship directly, and converts it into linear decoupled state space equation with the same relative degree by feedback linearization. Second, the diving guidance law is designed based on the decoupled equation to meet the terminal impact point and falling angle constraints. In order to further improve the interception capability, it constructs maneuver control model through adding maneuver control item to the guidance law. Then, an integrated performance index consisting of maximum line-of-sight angle rate and minimum energy consumption is designed, and optimal control is employed to obtain optimal maneuver strategy when the encounter time is determined and undetermined, respectively. Furthermore, the performance index and suboptimal strategy are reconstructed to deal with the control capability constraint and the serous influence on terminal guidance accuracy caused by maneuvering flight. Finally, the approach is tested using the Common Aero Vehicle-H model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve high precision guidance and effective maneuver at the same time, and the indices are also optimized.     

Earth observation with MEO transmitters and UAS receivers: A potential utilization of Galileo constellation

Remote sensing application of Galileo upcoming constellation in the field of civil security is preliminarily analyzed, defining low resolution (25 m) and high resolution (7.5 m) working modes for a bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar system utilizing Galileo satellites as transmitters and Unmanned Aerial Systems as receivers. Simulations offshore Somali coast and in a South Mediterranean Sea region showed that both low and high resolution acquisitions are feasible. For the low resolution mode a probability of successful image formation no matter the azimuth position of the receiving UAS has been estimated at nearly 100%. Whereas, for the high resolution mode it decreases to about 90%, which, if deemed unsatisfactory for the application, leads to the need for UAS to adapt its route to the actual Galileo satellite coverage.     

保护映射理论在火星无人机鲁棒自适应控制的应用

针对具有模型不确定性特点的火星无人机控制问题,本文基于保护映射理论提出一种飞行控制的鲁棒自适应调参数方法,通过建立控制系统未知参数与闭环系统极点间的约束关系,在飞行高度和速度变化的情况下,利用对系统极点的配置,保证火星无人机的稳定飞行要求。此外,设计过程中控制器结构固定,只需给定一个初始增益,即可实现系统的鲁棒自适应调参。仿真研究表明获取的增益能使控制作用满足火星无人机在高度和速度变化情况下的稳定飞行要求。     

临近空间飞行器总体设计对固体发动机特性需求分析

从内弹道性能、气动防热、绝热结构设计和后效推力预示等方面研究了临近空间飞行器总体设计对固体发动机的需求。内弹道性能方面,在总冲一定的情况下,发动机采用“长时间小推力”的工作模式、“前高后低”的推力曲线形式,对提高分离点高度和关机点速度、减小分离点动压有利;气动防热方面,临近空间飞行器发动机外壁热环境远比传统弹道式严酷,需要采取相应的防热措施;绝热结构设计方面,分析了过载条件下燃烧室中粒子的受力情况、粒子沉积分布位置以及对绝热结构的影响,提出了过载条件下发动机绝热裕度设计校核的需求;后效推力预示方面,发动机下降段高空推力的预示精度对分离安全性及分离时序的设计有着非常重要的作用,需要提高后效推力预示的准确性,以满足分离设计的要求。文章研究总结的方法、规律和结论,对临近空间飞行器固体发动机的设计具有重要的参考意义。     

伪谱法在飞行器轨迹优化中应用分析

伪谱法作为一种在飞行器轨迹优化领域广泛应用的方法,国内外缺乏对其进行综合研究分析的相关文献。介绍了伪谱法在飞行器轨迹优化领域的发展现状,详细分析了已应用于飞行器轨迹优化的4种伪谱法的特点和应用情况,总结了这4种方法优缺点:Legendre伪谱法研究较早、应用最为广泛,Gauss伪谱法和Radau伪谱法精度较高,而Chebyshev伪谱法理论上精度高但研究刚起步。伪谱法具有全局特性,计算精度高,收敛快,但也存在缺乏收敛解判定准则、难以处理非光滑问题等不足。介绍了伪谱法在处理bang-bang控制问题时所遇到的困难,对伪谱法的改进工作做出总结:改进算法,研究与其他算法相结合的优化方法。总体而言,伪谱法在轨迹优化问题上的应用前景很广。     

一种无人机定距盘旋跟踪制导律及稳定性证明

对地面目标的定距盘旋跟踪问题是无人机（UAVs）在任务应用阶段需要面临的重要问题之一,如何在传感器信息受限的情况下完成跟踪任务是目前的研究热点。首先针对地面固定目标设计了一种仅依赖测距传感器的制导律,不再需要传统的视线角信号以及目标和无人机自身的定位信息;其次,设计了李雅普诺夫函数对该制导律的稳定性进行了严格数学证明;最后,将该制导律推广到对地面匀速和变速移动目标的跟踪制导。相比于现有制导律,所提出的制导律结构更为简洁,仅有一个设计参数,并且制导策略更为合理。仿真结果表明所提出的制导律能够实现无人机对地面固定和移动目标的稳定跟踪。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器再入段制导方法综述

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入飞行段,回顾了制导技术的发展历程和研究现状。建立了高超声速滑翔飞行器运动模型,并分析了再入段的路径约束、终端约束和地理约束。将再入制导方法分为三类：标准轨迹制导方法、预测-校正制导方法、混合制导方法,分别对研究现状进行了综述。然后,专门针对侧向平面制导方法进行了讨论和分类,根据飞行任务不同分为了常规约束的制导问题与附加地理约束的制导问题两类。最后,对再入制导方法进行了总结,并结合未来高超声速滑翔飞行器的任务需求,展望了再入制导技术的发展方向。     

Comprehensive sizing and optimization method for series-hybrid unmanned convertiplane

This paper presents a novel sizing and optimization approach for the emerging series-hybrid unmanned convertiplane, which can be used to translate the top-level design requirements into the design parameters corresponding to the optimal power supply strategy and minimum total takeoff weight. The method comprehensively considers the design constraints in the rotor, fixed-wing, and transition modes, and pays special attention to the characteristic response of Series Hybrid Electric System (S-HES) in complex application scenarios, especially the coupling of battery power, energy, and state-of-charge under high-power discharge conditions, the variation of fuel economy, and the adjustment of power supply strategy. With proposed method, it’s possible to rapidly explore the design space in the initial design stage and find out the optimal design results with high confidence. A case study was proposed to verify the approach. The results reveal the particularity of convertiplane in terms of power requirements, and prove the necessity to consider detailed S-HES characteristic responses during parameter determination. The optimal design parameters were obtained through the hybrid control parameter optimization, which verified the effectiveness of proposed method. Possible errors and corresponding correction methods were also presented.