高超声速飞行器研制系统工程风险概率分析

针对高超声速飞行器研制工程的高风险特点,对工程决策方和研制方面临的不同类型风险进行了建模分析。基于系统方案或关键技术的固有风险概率和抽象化的研发与验证过程,分别计算分析了工程决策方误判验收通过不合格产品和研制方过度研发或重复验证较低失败概率产品的风险概率,进而提出了高风险研发项目中研制方过度研发风险的概念,明确了工程决策误判风险与研制方过度研发风险的相互影响规律,并基于概率方法建立了一种可以综合权衡决策方风险和研制方风险、合理确定研制周期的系统工程优化方法。     

四旋翼无人机动态面控制

针对四旋翼无人机（UAV）飞行器系统欠驱动特点,引入动态面控制方法,对四旋翼UAV的位置和姿态进行控制。考虑到飞行器速度和角速度难以测量,设计高增益观测器得到UAV的速度和角速度的估计值。相对于反演法,动态面控制的设计更简洁,并且通过引入滤波器来求取控制信号中的系统状态的导数项。另外,常用的时标分离方法不能给出全局稳定性分析,本文引入动态面设计控制律保证系统所有信号半全局一致有界,同时给出系统全局稳定性证明。仿真结果表明,四旋翼UAV能快速精确完成目标跟踪。      

助推-滑翔弹道高精度滑翔射程解析估算方法

针对目前高超声速滑翔弹道解析估算精度不高问题,提出一种基于高度变化特性的高精度滑翔射程解析估算方法。该方法首先从单位质量机械能的角度出发,建立滑翔射程与升阻比、初末速度间的解析式。在此基础上,利用准平衡滑翔条件,推导建立了滑翔高度随动能变化的平衡函数,并据此实现了对滑翔射程解析估算结果的修正,从而显著提高了实际飞行时速度倾角微小变化情况下的滑翔射程估算精度。最后与数值仿真弹道进行对比分析。结果表明,所提方法的滑翔射程解析估算误差小于1%,具有较高精度,可为高超声速远程滑翔弹道飞行性能分析、射程估算和在线弹道规划提供可靠的理论依据。     

咽式进气道设计工况下性能初步分析

介绍了三维内收缩高超声速咽式进气道的设计方法,开发了相应的设计程序.在高度为30 km,设计马赫数为5和攻角为0°工况下进行设计,使用CFD模拟技术,对设计方法和程序进行了验证.最后采用设计程序,考虑咽式进气道的设计参数,即流线追踪出口形状、基准流场压缩角和设计马赫数等,对比分析了其对咽式进气道设计工况下几何与气动性能的影响.结果表明:矩形出口宽高比接近2时,总长、润周面积等几何性能相比较小宽高比时更好.初步设计可以将压缩角配置在8°~12°范围内,且后压缩角小于前压缩角.      

考虑进气约束的高超声速飞行器预定性能控制

针对高超声速飞行器跟踪误差瞬态性能约束与发动机进气条件约束问题,提出约束预定性能控制方案。首先,设计新型设定时间性能函数用于限定跟踪误差的瞬态与稳态性能。相比传统方法,新型方案可保证性能函数在设定时刻精确收敛至稳态值,同时可灵活调整函数初始收敛速率,避免控制饱和。其次,将速度与高度受约束跟踪误差进行无约束转换,通过控制转化误差有界满足原始跟踪误差的预定性能约束。在高度子系统中,通过结合预定性能控制限定攻角变化范围,能够满足发动机进气需求。最后,以考虑参数摄动的吸气式高超声速飞行器为对象执行对比仿真,结果表明所提方法能够有效满足跟踪误差的性能约束与发动机进气约束。     

Proactive optimization of transmission power and 3D trajectory in UAV-assisted relay systems with mobile ground users

In this paper, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted relay communication system is studied, where a UAV is served as a flying relay to maintain a communication link between a mobile source node and a remote destination node. Specifically, an average outage probability minimization problem is formulated firstly, with the constraints on the transmission power of the source node, the maximum energy consumption budget, the transmission power, the speed and acceleration of the flying UAV relay. Next, the closed-form of outage probability is derived, under the hybrid line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight probability channel model. To deal with the formulated nonconvex optimization, a long-term proactive optimization mechanism is developed. In particular, firstly, an approximation for line-of-sight probability and a reformulation of the primal problem are given, respectively. Then, the reformulated problem is transformed into two subproblems: one is the transmission power optimization with given UAV’s trajectory and the other is the trajectory optimization with given transmission power allocation. Next, two subproblems are tackled via tailoring primal–dual subgradient method and successive convex approximation, respectively. Furthermore, a proactive optimization algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the transmission power allocation and the three-dimensional trajectory. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm under various parameter configurations.     

Formation flight of fixed-wing UAV swarms: A group-based hierarchical approach

This paper investigates a formation control problem of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms. A group-based hierarchical architecture is established among the UAVs, which decomposes all the UAVs into several distinct and non-overlapping groups. In each group, the UAVs form hierarchies with one UAV selected as the group leader. All group leaders execute coordinated path following to cooperatively handle the mission process among different groups, and the remaining followers track their direct leaders to achieve the inner-group coordination. More specifically, for a group leader, a virtual target moving along its desired path is assigned for the UAV, and an updating law is proposed to coordinate all the group leaders’ virtual targets; for a follower UAV, the distributed leader-following formation control law is proposed to make the follower’s heading angle coincide with its direct leader, while keeping the desired relative position with respect to its direct leader. The proposed control law guarantees the globally asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop swarm system under the control input constraints of fixed-wing UAVs. Theoretical proofs and numerical simulations are provided, which corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Do drones have a realistic place in a pandemic fight for delivering medical supplies in healthcare systems problems?

The advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology in terms of industrial processes and communication and networking technologies has led to an increase in their use in civil, business, and social applications. Global rules in most countries had previously limited the use of drones to military applications due to their deployment in the open air, drones are likely to be lost, destroyed, or physically hijacked. However, more recently, the presence of COVID-19 has forced the world to present new implementing measures which will also widen the use of drones in civil and commercial and social applications, especially now in the delivery of medicines for medical home care. In the period of required public isolation as a consequence of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, this knowledge has become one of the principal partners in the fight against the coronavirus. This paper offers a summary of the medical drone manufacturing, with a specific emphasis on its approval by the pharmaceutical sector to solve logistical problems in healthcare during times of sensitive need. We also discuss the numerous challenges to be met in the integration of drones to save our lives and suggest future research directions. The question that arises for this problem, how to optimize delivery medical supplies times in-home health care made up of drones? We conducted a synthesis literature review devoted to the use of UAVs in healthcare with their different aspects. A total of different research made are given to describe the role of UAV in Home healthcare with the presence of SARS-COV-2. We conclude that the drones will be able to optimize the way of eliminating contamination with a very high percentage (through the reduction of human contact) with the increase of the flexibility of the flight (reaching the less accessible regions every hour of the day).     

高速飞行器翼面结构热振动试验的TARMA模型方法

高速飞行器翼面结构的热振动试验研究对这类飞行器的设计和安全飞行具有重要的意义。采用时变自回归滑动平均(TARMA)模型方法建立了受热时变结构系统模态频率辨识的数学模型,并用一个数值算例进行了验证。将地面振动测试系统与瞬态热环境模拟系统相结合,设计了翼面结构热振动试验系统并模拟结构的瞬态温度场,同时对纯随机激振力激励下受热时变结构系统的振动位移信号进行测量,并用TARMA模型对时变固有频率进行了辨识,获得了前4阶固有频率随加热时间的变化规律,并将辨识结果与数值计算结果进行了比较,两者误差在5%以内。另外,在稳态均匀热环境下辨识得到的结构系统固有频率变化与数值计算结果也吻合得很好。通过将均匀温度场与瞬态温度场下的结果进行对比分析,指出了瞬态热环境下时变结构的固有频率随加热时间变化的趋势主要由结构材料属性的退化和结构内部不均匀热应力的影响共同决定。     

多天线结构对无人机MIMO信道容量的影响

为进一步提高无人机(UAV)遥测链路传输容量,分析了无人机多输入多输出(UAV-MIMO)天线间隔、阵列等结构参数对信道容量的影响。建立了无人机MIMO基于散射体三维几何分布的单跳同心椭圆(GBSBCERS)信道模型,结合机载MIMO天线布局方案,给出了无人机MIMO信道矩阵及遍历容量的表达式。数值仿真表明,受无人机远距离通信的影响,信道容量与天线间隔呈正比变化;且相比于线阵布局,圆阵布局虽然受到无人机姿态变化的影响,但仍具有较高的信道容量。通过分析多天线结构对无人机MIMO信道容量的影响,对设计实现高速无人机数据链具有实际意义。