超声波换能器性能指标测试方法的研究

介绍了一种新的超声波换能器灵敏度的测试方法，排除了常规测试方法中仪器对它的影响。对超声波换能器的频率特性测试，采用了一种简便，经济，实用的方法，并给出了测试结果。     

喷管台阶形壳体粘接面脱粘超声探伤研究

研制了一种小角度超声纵波特种斜探头，用于台阶形金属／非金属异形复合构件粘接界面的检测，选择了探头材质，计算了入射倾角，建立了伤方法及判伤标准，并在对比试块及实际产品上进行了检测，证明了该探头及方法适用于该特定形状产品的探伤，并对类似异种形面产品的探伤有参考意义。     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

基于相控阵超声的铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位技术研究

传统的射线照相检测技术仍是铝合金熔焊缝缺陷的主要检测方式,由于传统射线照相检测无法测量缺陷在焊缝高度方向上的尺寸和位置,在缺陷的定位和排除方面存在不足,从而加大缺陷排除的工作量,甚至由于缺陷排除方向错误造成焊缝挖穿,影响补焊质量.相控阵超声检测技术通过接收缺陷回波来实现缺陷检测,可以反映缺陷的尺寸和位置信息.本文采用Omni Scan MX相控阵超声检测仪和5L64-A2相控阵探头针对对比试块、铝合金熔焊缝缺陷进行了定位技术研究,并与缺陷微观测量、宏观测量的结果进行对比,结果表明基于相控阵超声检测的铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位检测结果与微观检测结果基本一致,可以采用相控阵超声检测技术进行铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位.     

薄板焊缝中超声TOFD检测方法浅析

回顾了超声TOFD检测方法,分析了超声TOFD近表面盲区的形成原因和3种改善近表面检测盲区的方法,包括TOFDW、S-TOFD以及基于希尔伯特黄变换的缺陷信号处理方法,并进行了典型的检测试验分析。利用TOFDW方法,TOFD表面检测盲区可达2mm。     

空间延迟/中断容忍网络路由算法性能评估

文章主要针对空间延迟/中断容忍网络（Delay/disruptionTolerantNetworks,DTNF）路由算法的性能进行分析评估,为未来空间DTN路由技术的设计提供参考和建议。首先,从利用网络知识多少的角度,对目前提出的适用于空间DTN的路由算法进行了分析和比较;然后,在一个典型空间DTN场景下,通过设定不同的接触计划,从微观和宏观两个方面,对最早投递(EarliestDelivery,ED)、基于本地队列的最早投递(EarliestDeliverywithLocalQueue,EDLQ)、接触图路由(ContactGraphRouting,CGR)、和基于最早传输机会的接触图路由(ContactGraphRoutingEarliestTransmissionOpportunity,CGR ETO)几种典型空间DTN路由算法的性能进行了仿真评估;最后,对仿真评估结果进行了分析和总结,并对未来空间DTN路由算法的研究提出了建议。仿真结果表明,对于端到端延时和束投递完成率两项性能指标,ED性能最差,CGR次之,EDLQ和CGR ETO的性能相当。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

小管径超声波流量计去噪方法

超声波流量计中存在各种噪声,直接影响流量测量的精度。文章首先分析了小管径超声波流量计中噪声的来源,从实时性的角度出发,提出了一种直接对测量时间差进行去噪的方法,避免了对原始超声波信号进行采样、分析带来的实时性差的问题。针对随机噪声和声学噪声引起的时间差数据中的误差,以硬阈值小波滤波作为第一级滤波、中值加均值滤波为第二级滤波进行处理。通过流量测量实验,验证了去噪方法的有效性,结果表明,去噪后流量计的瞬时测量误差小于1%。     

在轨加注用超声波流量计的设计与试验

针对航天器在轨加注对推进剂流量的精确测量要求,研制了在轨加注用超声波流量计。在对传播时间法研究的基础上,提出流量计管路布局的设计要求,采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)的方法模拟4种不同管路布局(直角型、45°锐角型、直线型和圆弧型)对流体速度分布的影响,对比得到了优化的管路布局。信号处理电路使用斩波稳定比较器,通过阈值比较法,保证了传播时间的测量精度。流量计经标定后,在量程（0～150g/s）范围内可达到0.1%的测量精度。为了验证在轨加注过程中流量计的作用,在地面环境下进行了在轨加注地面模拟试验,试验表明超声波流量计在推进剂在轨加注中使用是可行的和必要的。     

多个分销商相互竞争下的供应链突变管理

针对由一个供应商和多个分销商组成的供应链系统,考虑了市场需求发生突变,即投资敏感系数和市场需求的投资成本的弹性同时发生突变的情况下的应急管理决策。给出了相应的应急管理问题的可行解空间,并就每一种可能的突变定性分析了决策管理最优解的性质。结果证明了在一定条件下．原生产计划存在着鲁棒性。针对不同突变情形,研究了在供应商作为Stackelberg领导身份情况下的协调策略（补贴率契约）机制问题。同时诠释了在协调策略下,当系统中竞争的分销商增加时,供应商提供的补贴率也会随之增加的现象。