基于正交试验的超声波喷丸成形工艺参数分析及弧高值预测

针对带筋板的超声波喷丸成形,采用正交试验法研究了撞针速度、撞针直径、成形轨迹间距、喷丸区域宽度对带筋板超声波喷丸成形弧高值的影响,得出最佳参数组合方案,并以此作为样本数据,建立多元回归分析数学模型。通过实验验证模型的准确性,试验数据和回归分析数据相符较好,可以用回归分析的数学模型来预测喷丸弧高值,提高工艺设计效率。     

真空环境下行波型超声波电机的特性

真空环境下由于缺少空气介质,靠摩擦驱动的超声波电机的特性会与常态 下发生较大的变化。采用行波型超声波电机常用的三种摩擦材料（环氧树脂、聚四氟乙 烯烧结和生聚四氟乙烯填充为基的摩擦材料）对比分析了常态和真空环境下的超声波电机的 机械特性。发现除环氧胶外,其他摩擦材料制成的电机真空下的堵转力矩都有所增大,而空 载转速全部降低。为了分析变化产生的原因,实验比较了真空环境下三种摩擦材料在常规、 驻波和行波状态下的动摩擦系数,实验表明除环氧胶外其它摩擦材料的摩擦系数比常态下都 略有增大,且相应电机的堵转力矩也都增大。其次实验研究了行波型超声波电机的瞬态特性 ,当真空度增加到10 -2 Pa后,电机的起动时间和起动电压都有明显的增加,即电 机起动和运行的阻力逐步增大,导致电机空载转速的降低。最后测试了声悬浮力大小,其数 值不超过预紧力的1％,不是真空环境下特性变化的主因。导致电机真空环境下堵转力 矩和空载转速发生变化的主要原因在于摩擦材料动态摩擦系数和起动与运行阻力的变化。     

难加工材料纵扭超声振动辅助铣削加工研究进展

纵扭复合超声振动辅助铣削（LTUVAM）是在刀具轴向与扭转方向上施加高频微幅振动的一种辅助铣削技术,具有降低切削力与切削热、提高工件表面质量、提高表面残余压应力、减少刀具磨损等诸多优点。本文围绕难加工材料的铣削加工进行了系统综述。在设备制造方面,阐述了纵扭复合超声振动系统的结构设计方法与工作原理;在工艺开发方面,从LTUVAM的切削刃运动轨迹及切削特性入手,分析各类材料的切削加工性能,并总结了LTUVAM的优势及应用。最后,本文对LTUVAM的未来发展趋势进行展望。     

Load balancing strategy and its lookup-table enhancement in deterministic space delay/disruption tolerant networks

Space networks, in which connectivity is deterministic and intermittent, can be modeled by delay/disruption tolerant networks. In space delay/disruption tolerant networks, a packet is usually transmitted from the source node to the destination node indirectly via a series of relay nodes. If anyone of the nodes in the path becomes congested, the packet will be dropped due to buffer overflow. One of the main reasons behind congestion is the unbalanced network traffic distribution. We propose a load balancing strategy which takes the congestion status of both the local node and relay nodes into account. The congestion status, together with the end-to-end delay, is used in the routing selection. A lookup-table enhancement is also proposed. The off-line computation and the on-line adjustment are combined together to make a more precise estimate of the end-to-end delay while at the same time reducing the onboard computation. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy helps to distribute network traffic more evenly and therefore reduces the packet drop ratio. In addition, the average delay is also decreased in most cases. The lookup-table enhancement provides a compromise between the need for better communication performance and the desire for less onboard computation.     

基于负载变化的超声振子电学性能试验研究

针对超声波加工中振幅衰减和振幅不稳定现象,通过超声振子的静态加载试验,分析了轴向与径向加工负载力对超声振子电学特性的影响规律,以及超声振子电学参数的变化对超声振幅的影响机制。结果表明,超声振子的电学参数在径向负载力与轴向负载力的影响下有相似的变化趋势,即超声振子谐振频率与动态电阻随着负载力的增加而单向增大,动态电感与动态电容有相反的变化趋势,二者的综合效果使谐振频率随着负载力的增加而增大,静态电容在一定范围内波动,当超声振子所受的负载力增大到一定值时,超声振子的低频谐振点会消失。依据理论分析与试验研究结果,提出了改善振幅衰减和振幅不稳定现象的措施。     

单晶双斜探头探伤时缺陷定位问题的研究

当今社会对产品质量的检测要求越来越严格和全面了，在这种严格的检测下，各种专用的新型超声检测探头不断涌现，其中用于内燃机曲轴及石油钻铤等部位探伤的单晶双斜探头也得到了应用，但由于这种探头的特殊结构，以至它不易对缺陷定位，所在在这里，本文主要针对这种双斜探头的缺陷定位问题，进行探讨和研究。实验证明，所求计算公式达到了预期效果。     

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料加工技研究展

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料具有高熔点、低密度、耐腐蚀、抗烧蚀以及抗氧化等一系列优点,被列为新一代高温热结构材料的发展重点,在航空、航天、能源等领域具有极大的应用前景.但纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料具有硬度大的特点,其加工是一个难点,主要对纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的传统加工工艺和特种加工工艺及其研究进展进行了介绍,并对纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的加工工艺的发展趋势作了展望.     

航天用大力矩高精度超声波电机研究

超声波电机与传统电磁型电机不同 ,它是一种靠摩擦驱动的新原理电机 ,具有低速大力矩、响应快和功率质量比大等特点 ,能直接驱动 ,适合航天领域的应用。先简单介绍超声波电机的特点及其在航天领域的应用情况 ,随后介绍了所研制的一种低速大力矩超声波电机的结构、摩擦材料、特性和步进定位控制策略 ,其结构型式为纵扭复合型 ,样机直径为 80 mm ,堵转力矩达到了 13Nm,转速 12 .5 r/min,重复定位精度优于 0 .0 2 0°,纵扭振动的一阶谐振频率较接近 ,电机的工作频域较宽 ,近 7k Hz,起动时间在 5 m s左右 ,关断时间在 2 m s以内。     

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.