卫星定位导航算法研究中卫星运动参数及导航星选取的仿真

在卫星定位导航系统的定位算法研究过程中，导航卫星星座中各卫星的运动参数，包括位置和速度参数，是进行研究的基础。因此在这一过程中，必须根据需要生成仿真卫星运动参数。针对定位卫星星座的特点，推导了适用于进行算法研究的导航卫星运动参数的仿真公式。在此基础上，依据卫星定位用户工作的方式特点，给出了一种判断用户机可视卫星的公式。作为算例，最后给出了以ＧＰＳ参数为基础的导航卫星星座运动参数的仿真结果     

用GPS评定IMU（惯性测量装置）误差

在导弹飞行试验时，基于ＧＰＳ的弹道基准系统可替代常规雷达。由于ＧＰＳ弹道基准的精度高，所以可用来评定导弹惯性测量装置的性能。在两发现役的和平保卫者导弹发射前配置了ＧＰＳ转发器和三波段天线。根据ＧＰＳ测量的矩离、矩离增量数据，用卡尔曼滤波方法评定各个ＩＭＵ误差，结果证明ＧＰＳ优于雷达。     

Numerical modeling of a Global Navigation Satellite System in a general relativistic framework

In this article we model a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in a Schwarzschild space–time, as a first approximation of the relativistic geometry around the Earth. The closed time-like and scattering light-like geodesics are obtained analytically, describing respectively trajectories of satellites and electromagnetic signals. We implement an algorithm to calculate Schwarzschild coordinates of a GNSS user who receives proper times sent by four satellites, knowing their orbital parameters; the inverse procedure is implemented to check for consistency. The constellation of satellites therefore realizes a geocentric inertial reference system with no a priori realization of a terrestrial reference frame. We perform a simulation of position determination and show that the determination of the four coordinates with a 25–32 digit accuracy takes only around 60 ms. Effects of non-gravitational perturbations on positioning errors are assessed, and methods to reduce them are sketched. In particular, inter-links between satellites could greatly enhance stability and accuracy of the positioning system. Effects of gravitational perturbations are omitted in this paper in order to make a clearer comparison between the relativistic and non-relativistic scheme, but they will be included in subsequent work. We believe that the final algorithm will be a serious alternative to the usual post-Newtonian scheme.     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

The GFZ real-time GNSS precise positioning service system and its adaption for COMPASS

Motivated by the IGS real-time Pilot Project, GFZ has been developing its own real-time precise positioning service for various applications. An operational system at GFZ is now broadcasting real-time orbits, clocks, global ionospheric model, uncalibrated phase delays and regional atmospheric corrections for standard PPP, PPP with ambiguity fixing, single-frequency PPP and regional augmented PPP. To avoid developing various algorithms for different applications, we proposed a uniform algorithm and implemented it into our real-time software. In the new processing scheme, we employed un-differenced raw observations with atmospheric delays as parameters, which are properly constrained by real-time derived global ionospheric model or regional atmospheric corrections and by the empirical characteristics of the atmospheric delay variation in time and space. The positioning performance in terms of convergence time and ambiguity fixing depends mainly on the quality of the received atmospheric information and the spatial and temporal constraints. The un-differenced raw observation model can not only integrate PPP and NRTK into a seamless positioning service, but also syncretize these two techniques into a unique model and algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for both dual-frequency and sing-frequency receivers. Based on the real-time data streams from IGS, EUREF and SAPOS reference networks, we can provide services of global precise point positioning (PPP) with 5–10 cm accuracy, PPP with ambiguity-fixing of 2–5 cm accuracy, PPP using single-frequency receiver with accuracy of better than 50 cm and PPP with regional augmentation for instantaneous ambiguity resolution of 1–3 cm accuracy. We adapted the system for current COMPASS to provide PPP service. COMPASS observations from a regional network of nine stations are used for precise orbit determination and clock estimation in simulated real-time mode, the orbit and clock products are applied for real-time precise point positioning. The simulated real-time PPP service confirms that real-time positioning services of accuracy at dm-level and even cm-level is achievable with COMPASS only.     

超精密定位中的几项相关关键技术

通过结合自已的实际工作，分别从伺服进给机构，位置检测技术，数控及伺服控制等几个方面对超精密机床的定位系统进行了说明     

基于粒子滤波和似然比的接收机自主完好性监测算法

由于粒子滤波算法在处理非线性系统非高斯噪声问题具有较大的优势,提出将粒子滤波算法与对数似然比方法有机结合应用于接收机自主完好性监测(Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring,RAIM)中。通过粒子滤波算法对状态进行精确估计,利用对数似然比建立一致性检验统计量进行故障检测。在建立全量累加对数似然比和部分累加对数似然比检验统计值的基础上,通过比较系统各状态累加对数似然比和检测阈值之间的关系,进而对卫星故障进行检测。对算法进行了数学建模,描述了RAIM算法流程。通过实测数据对提出的RAIM算法进行验证,结果表明:粒子滤波在非高斯测量噪声情况下可以对GPS接收机状态进行精确的估计,利用对数似然比建立的一致性检验统计量能有效地检测并隔离故障卫星,验证了该算法应用于接收机自主完好性监测的可行性和有效性。     

应用激光测高仪提高测绘卫星定位精度的研究

双线阵立体测绘卫星定位对外方位元素的测量精度要求高,然而布设控制点成本高,缺少全世界范围内的控制点。针对这一问题,提出应用星载激光测高仪提高定位精度的方法。首先,分析了双线阵立体测绘卫星和激光测高仪的误差特性,即测绘相机定位精度受外方位角元素影响比较大,激光测高仪高程精度受角元素影响相对较小。然后,论证了用激光测高仪提高定位精度的可行性。在相同的卫星平台定向辅助数据下,激光测高仪高程精度要比测绘相机高得多,可以作为高程约束提高定位精度。最后,应用光束法平差原理对激光测高数据作为高程约束进行了仿真试验。结果表明,加入激光测高数据可将双线阵立体测绘卫星的高程精度由8.0m提高到约3.5m。此方法可为实现全球无控制点测绘提供一定参考。     

网络RTK技术在跨海区域动态定位中的应用研究

结合海上高精度定位保障工程实践,描述长基线网络差分定位技术应用的技术构成、应用模式,展示了海上高精度实时动态定位技术优势和应用前景,为海上高精度定位应用提供宝贵经验。     

星载GPS数据质量控制方法研究

针对星载全球定位系统（GPS）数据的特点,分别从阈值设置和周跳检验量的角度对TurboEdit方法进行改进,并在传统抗差估计方法的基础上,提出一种改进的抗差估计策略。利用GRACE卫星的星载GPS观测数据对本文的质量控制方法进行分析验证,结果表明：改进的质量控制方法能明显增强周跳探测性能,有效抑制小周跳和粗差的影响,提高几何法定轨的精度和可靠性。