一种多帧相关滤波的星敏感器像素非均匀性误差校正方法

为了进一步提升星敏感器的星点定位精度,分析星敏感器的像素误差来源和形成机理,提出一种多帧相关滤波的像素非均匀性误差校正方法.根据星图中星点的位置确定质心定位域和局部校正域,利用当前帧星图信息和前一帧的局部校正域信息预测当前帧的校正域,满足校正条件后采用差分法校正质心定位域.实验结果表明,本文方法能够较好地预测星图的非均匀性噪声,提升星点定位精度,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

GALILEO接收机中BOC(1,1)信号的捕获

BOC(1,1)(Binary-Offset-Carrier)信号相关函数中的零值会使接收机判定没有捕获到信号.为了完全捕获到BOC(1,1)信号,从副载波相位和码相位角度出发,提出了一种3路并行捕获方法.通过数字仿真得到了BOC(1,1)和扩频码的相关函数图,比较了二者相关函数的峰值.推导了BOC(1,1)相关函数的解析式,给出了相关函数中的零点位置和峰值位置,比较了BOC(1,1)和扩频码的相关函数数值及捕获.3路本地BOC信号以其中一路相位为基准,另外2路相位分别超前、滞后该路.给出了3路本地信号的生成方法及捕获的结构框图.仿真结果表明,捕获码相位差在半个码片内时,BOC(1,1)信号的捕获率从33.3%提高到100％,码相位捕获范围从1/6码片增大到1/2码片.该方法可为跟踪环路提供相位信息,适用于BOC(n,n)信号的捕获.      

Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

基于模型重构的变形叶片配准定位技术

叶片毛坯的精确定位是叶片数控加工的核心问题,为了提高叶片数控加工质量,保证叶片各处余量分配均匀,本文以叶片进排气边的自适应数控加工中的检测定位为研究对象,提出了一种基于模型重构的配准定位方法.该方法利用偏置模型的叶片测量方式提高了测量精度,对基于重构的测量模型进行变形与定位分析,得出较优的定位参数.通过仿真试验和对比分析,论证了本文方法的正确性.     

Performance analysis of PPP ambiguity resolution with UPD products estimated from different scales of reference station networks

Integer ambiguity fixing with uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) products can significantly shorten the initialization time and improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP). Since the tracking arcs of satellites and the behavior of atmospheric biases can be very different for the reference networks with different scales, the qualities of corresponding UPD products may be also various. The purpose of this paper is to comparatively investigate the influence of different scales of reference station networks on UPD estimation and user ambiguity resolution. Three reference station networks with global, wide-area and local scales are used to compute the UPD products and analyze their impact on the PPP-AR. The time-to-first-fix, the unfix rate and the incorrect fix rate of PPP-AR are analyzed. Moreover, in order to further shorten the convergence time for obtaining precise positioning, a modified partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) and corresponding validation strategy are presented. In this PAR method, the ambiguity subset is determined by removing the ambiguity one by one in the order of ascending elevations. Besides, for static positioning mode, a coordinate validation strategy is employed to enhance the reliability of the fixed coordinate. The experiment results show that UPD products computed by smaller station network are more accurate and lead to a better coordinate solution; the PAR method used in this paper can shorten the convergence time and the coordinate validation strategy can improve the availability of high precision positioning.     

Near real-time PPP-based monitoring of the ionosphere using dual-frequency GPS/BDS/Galileo data

Ionosphere delay is very important to GNSS observations, since it is one of the main error sources which have to be mitigated even eliminated in order to determine reliable and precise positions. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium to radio signal, so the value of the group delay or phase advance of GNSS radio signal depends on the signal frequency. Ground-based GNSS stations have been used for ionosphere monitoring and modeling for a long time. In this paper we will introduce a novel approach suitable for single-receiver operation based on the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. One of the main characteristic is that only carrier-phase observations are used to avoid particular effects of pseudorange observations. The technique consists of introducing ionosphere ambiguity parameters obtained from PPP filter into the geometry-free combination of observations to estimate ionospheric delays. Observational data from stations that are capable of tracking the GPS/BDS/GALILEO from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network are processed. For the purpose of performance validation, ionospheric delays series derived from the novel approach are compared with the global ionospheric map (GIM) from Ionospheric Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs). The results are encouraging and offer potential solutions to the near real-time ionosphere monitoring.     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

基于相控阵超声的铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位技术研究

传统的射线照相检测技术仍是铝合金熔焊缝缺陷的主要检测方式,由于传统射线照相检测无法测量缺陷在焊缝高度方向上的尺寸和位置,在缺陷的定位和排除方面存在不足,从而加大缺陷排除的工作量,甚至由于缺陷排除方向错误造成焊缝挖穿,影响补焊质量.相控阵超声检测技术通过接收缺陷回波来实现缺陷检测,可以反映缺陷的尺寸和位置信息.本文采用Omni Scan MX相控阵超声检测仪和5L64-A2相控阵探头针对对比试块、铝合金熔焊缝缺陷进行了定位技术研究,并与缺陷微观测量、宏观测量的结果进行对比,结果表明基于相控阵超声检测的铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位检测结果与微观检测结果基本一致,可以采用相控阵超声检测技术进行铝合金熔焊缝缺陷深度定位.     

THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, naviga tion activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90 s in the last cen tury due to its advantage in providing all-weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. By now, it has already formed a new hi-tech industry basically.This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields as well as the status quo of this being industri alized trade in China, gives an account of the writers' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.     

论社会保险法中企业角色的定位

现代企业在促进效率的同时，却也为社会带来了诸多不公平的因素，社会保险法的推行有利于弥补这一缺失。文章结合中国社会保险模式的选择论述了企业在社会保险的角色定位，并对此角色定位的依据进行了理论上探讨。