Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

基线平面布局的GPS定姿算法

ＧＰＳ定姿线性化算法需要载体的姿态初值和迭代运算，提出一种适用于基线平面布局的矩阵元素求解算法，它不需初值和迭代计算，计算量小，运算速度快，特别适用于载体大角度姿态机动的情形。用ＴＡＮＳＶｅｃｔｏｒＧＰＳ接收机进行了实验，取得了较满意的结果。     

航天用大力矩高精度超声波电机研究

超声波电机与传统电磁型电机不同 ,它是一种靠摩擦驱动的新原理电机 ,具有低速大力矩、响应快和功率质量比大等特点 ,能直接驱动 ,适合航天领域的应用。先简单介绍超声波电机的特点及其在航天领域的应用情况 ,随后介绍了所研制的一种低速大力矩超声波电机的结构、摩擦材料、特性和步进定位控制策略 ,其结构型式为纵扭复合型 ,样机直径为 80 mm ,堵转力矩达到了 13Nm,转速 12 .5 r/min,重复定位精度优于 0 .0 2 0°,纵扭振动的一阶谐振频率较接近 ,电机的工作频域较宽 ,近 7k Hz,起动时间在 5 m s左右 ,关断时间在 2 m s以内。     

惯性系统速度辅助的GPS接收机性能分析

有关惯性速度辅助下的ＧＰＳ接收机的带宽、跟踪和捕获性能在本文中作了分析。研究结果表明，惯性速度辅助ＧＰＳ接收机可以有效地提高接收机的性能。     

航天器交会对接中GPS的应用

卫星定位和卫星通讯是正在寻求的空间飞行器高级自主交会系统的首选测控手段。本文概述了航天器的交会对接基本要求和过程以及美国全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）和组成、定位原理、精度和差分原理后，列出了两种形式的相对运动方程。利用运动方程求解、单纯ＧＰＳ、差分ＧＰＳ的结合，可以完成追踪航天器向目标航天器接近的整个导引过程，且可以省去庞大的地面遥控遥测、星上雷达等设备，减少误差源。仿真计算证实了这一设计思想的可行性和     

导航星全球定位系统及其应用

较详细地介绍了导航星全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）的组成、功能和发展过程。对该系统的导航定位原理、方法、精度度量方法，以及影响导航定位精度的误差进行了分析。全球定位系统是一个具有巨大的发展潜力和深透能力的系统，它的应用范围已超出了其原来的设计要求。最后还介绍了导航星全球定位系统的应用情况。     

基于岭估计理论实现GPS快速定位研究

针对在短时间内 GPS观测方程的法方程容易形成病态的实际 ,探讨用岭估计理论消除其病态性的方法 ,然后用 LAMBDA方法确定其整周模糊度。实验证明 ,对于单频 GPS接收机 ,在 1 min左右 ,利用该技术即可正确确定整周模糊度 ,从而实现厘米级定位     

利用SINUMERIK 840D多轴回转功能实现五轴定位加工

SINUMERIK840D数控系统为用户提供了多轴回转编程功能,可不必使用专门的CAM软件便能实现五轴定位加工,分析了其回转功能并进行了编程应用。     

GPS monitoring of vertical seafloor motion at Platform Harvest

We describe results from two decades of monitoring vertical seafloor motion at the Harvest oil platform, NASA’s prime verification site for the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason series of reference altimeter missions. Using continuous GPS observations, we refine estimates of the platform subsidence—due most likely to fluid withdrawal linked to oil production—and describe the impact on estimates of stability for the altimeter measurement systems. The cumulative seafloor subsidence over 20 yrs is approximately 10 cm, but the rate does not appear constant. The apparent non-linear nature of the vertical motion, coupled with long-period GPS errors, implies that the quality of the seafloor motion estimates is not uniform over the 20-yr period. For the Jason-1 era (2002–2009), competing estimates for the subsidence show agreement to better than 1 mm yr⁻¹. Longer durations of data are needed before the seafloor motion estimates for the Jason-2 era (2008–present) can approach this level of accuracy.