基于Gooding算法的天基光学目标跟踪定轨

开展了基于Gooding算法的400km天基平台光学目标监测的轨道确定研究,当测量误差为3”和6”时,分别对800,1500及36000km轨道高度目标进行初始轨道确定及轨道改进分析.仿真结果表明,利用400km轨道高度平台对800~1500km轨道高度目标进行初定轨,测量数据误差为3”~6”时,4~15min弧段的初定轨精度约在10km量级,1~2min弧段的初定轨精度约在100km量级;15min初定轨弧段轨道改进后误差在100m量级,弧段小于10min时轨道改进误差精度在km量级.利用400km轨道高度平台对36000km轨道高度目标进行初定轨,测量数据误差为3”时,15~20min弧段的初定轨精度约在数十km量级,8~10min弧段的初定轨精度在100km量级;轨道改进后误差在km量级.测量数据误差为6”时,20min弧段初定轨精度在10km量级,8~15min弧段初定轨精度在100km量级,轨道改进后误差精度在10km量级.     

基于改进容积卡尔曼滤波的惯性/光流组合自主测速方法

针对容积卡尔曼滤波算法在惯性/光流组合测速数据融合时出现由于各系统输出数据频率不一致导致融合精度有限的问题,提出了一种基于多速率残差校正的改进容积卡尔曼滤波算法.通过当前时刻误差估算组合导航系统残差,再使用估算后的残差对速度估计值进行补偿,最终实现惯性/光流组合系统速度测量值的数据融合.实验结果表明,通过提出的改进容积...     

成像光谱技术超谱图像分类研究现状与分析

超谱遥感图像由于其高光谱分辨率的特点正受到国外内的广泛关注，在解决了前期的辐射校正及定标等剖以及，超谱图像的推广应用是当务之急。超谱遥感图像的分类研究对农作物生长状况的监测、矿物的识别、海洋水色分析以及其他方面的许多应用都是很有价值的。文章概述了国内外在成像光谱技术方面的发展，并首次以像元的构成成分的.纯像元和混合像元的角度对分类方法进行了论述，对超谱图像分类技术研究现状的归纳和分析，旨在寻找突破点，加强此领域的研究力度。     

Optical flow based guidance system design for semi-strapdown image homing guided missiles

This paper focuses mainly on semi-strapdown image homing guided (SSIHG) system design based on optical flow for a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) axial-symmetric skid-to-turn mis-sile. Three optical flow algorithms suitable for large displacements are introduced and compared. The influence of different displacements on computational accuracy of the three algorithms is ana-lyzed statistically. The total optical flow of the SSIHG missile is obtained using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, which is the best among the three for large displacements. After removing the rotational optical flow caused by rotation of the gimbal and missile body from the total optical flow, the remaining translational optical flow is smoothed via Kalman filtering. The circular navigation guidance (CNG) law with impact angle constraint is then obtained utilizing the smoothed translational optical flow and position of the target image. Simulations are carried out under both disturbed and undisturbed conditions, and results indicate the proposed guidance strat-egy for SSIHG missiles can result in a precise target hit with a desired impact angle without the need for the time-to-go parameter.     

Lunar exosphere influence on lunar-based near-ultraviolet astronomical observations

The potential effect of the lunar exosphere on the near-ultraviolet sky background emission is predicted for Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT: a funded Chinese scientific payload for the Chang’e-III mission). Using the upper limit on the OH concentration inferred from the recent MIP CHACE results, our calculations show that the sky brightness due to the illuminated exosphere is <8.7 photons⁻¹ cm⁻² arcsec⁻² within the wavelength range 245–340 nm. By evaluating the signal-to-noise ratios of observations of an AB = 13 mag point source at a series of sky background levels, our analysis indicates that the detection performance of LUT can be moderately degraded by the lunar exosphere emission in most cases. An AB = 13 mag point source can still be detected by the telescope at a signal-to-noise ratio more than 8 when the OH concentration is less than 2 × 10⁸ molecules cm⁻³. However, the effect on the performance is considerable when the exosphere is as dense as suggested by CHACE.     

采样式航天光学遥感成像系统混叠噪声

为了准确计算采样式航天光学遥感成像系统中混叠噪声的权重和分析系统设计参数的影响,采用经验景物模型,模拟成像系统主要噪声源的统计特性,提出了一种含混叠的成像系统噪声计算模型。采用该模型,以某卫星高分辨率相机成像系统为例,计算混叠噪声功率占总噪声功率的百分比,并对不同λF/p参数和不同景物参数的情况进行了仿真。结果表明：该卫星高分辨率相机成像系统中,混叠噪声占较大比重;当提高λF/p时,可有效降低混叠噪声。     

An adaptive threshold method for improving astrometry of space debris CCD images

Optical survey is a main technique for observing space debris, and precisely measuring the positions of space debris is of great importance. Due to several factors, e.g. the angle object normal to the observer, the shape as well as the attitude of the object, the variations of observed characteristics for low earth orbital space debris are distinct. When we look at optical CCD images of observed objects, the size and brightness are varying, hence it’s difficult to decide the threshold during centroid measurement and precise astrometry. Traditionally the threshold is given empirically and constantly in data reduction, and obviously it’s not suitable for data reduction of space debris. Here we offer a solution to provide the threshold. Our method assumes that the PSF (point spread function) is Gaussian and estimates the signal flux by a directly two-dimensional Gaussian fit, then a cubic spline interpolation is performed to divide each initial pixel into several sub-pixels, at last the threshold is determined by the estimation of signal flux and the sub-pixels above threshold are separated to estimate the centroid. A trail observation of the fast spinning satellite Ajisai is made and the CCD frames are obtained to test our algorithm. The calibration precision of various threshold is obtained through the comparison between the observed equatorial position and the reference one, the latter are obtained from the precise ephemeris of the satellite. The results indicate that our method reduces the total errors of measurements, it works effectively in improving the centering precision of space debris images.     

First laser measurements to space debris in Poland

The Borowiec Satellite Laser Ranging station (BORL 7811, Borowiec) being a part of the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences (SRC PAS) went through modernization in 2014–2015. One of the main tasks of the modernization was the installation of a high-energy laser module dedicated to space debris tracking. Surelite III by Continuum is a Nd:YAG pulse laser with 10?Hz repetition rate, a pulse width of 3–5?ns and a pulse energy of 450?mJ for green (532?nm). This new laser unit was integrated with the SLR system at Borowiec performing standard satellite tracking. In 2016 BORL 7811 participated actively to the observational campaigns related to the space debris targets from LEO region managed by the Space Debris Study Group (SDSG) of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS).Currently, Borowiec station regularly tracks 36 space debris from the LEO regime, including typical rocket bodies (Russian/Chinese) and cooperative targets like the inactive TOPEX/Poseidon, ENVISAT, OICETS and others. In this paper the first results of space debris laser measurements obtained by the Borowiec station in period August 2016 – January 2017 are presented. The results gained by the SRC PAS Borowiec station confirm the rotation of the defunct TOPEX/Poseidon satellite which spins with a period of approximately 10?s. The novelty of this work is the presentation of the sample results of the Chinese CZ-2C R/B target (NORAD catalogue number 31114) which is equipped (probably) with retroreflectors. Laser measurements to space debris is a very desirable topic for the next years, especially in the context of the Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) activity. Some targets are very easy to track like defunct ENVISAT or TOPEX/Poseidon. On the other hand, there is a big population of different LEO targets with different orbital and physical parameters, which are challenging for laser ranging like small irregular debris and rocket boosters.     

调频光外差光纤位移传感器响应速度的研究

对调频光外差光纤位移传感器的动态响应速度进行了理论分析和实验论证。实验结果表明：调频光外差光纤位移传感器响应速度的提高，可通过增大调制频率和利用拍频信号的高次谐波成分来实现。     

地基设备布站对空间碎片观测能力的影响分析

建立空间碎片地面观测站时,需要用数值仿真工具对其观测能力进行评估和分析.评估观测站能力的重要指标是测站设备对空间碎片的观测量和可观测频度.先进的设备指标和合适的测站位置能够大大提高观测能力.本文使用STK,PROOF等软件,对不同测站雷达和光学设备的观测能力(过境率和探测率)进行了数值仿真和比较分析,得到了一些初步结论,对于空间碎片监测网的设计有一定的参考作用.