大涵道比涡扇发动机低压涡轮间隙分析与设计

航空发动机涡轮叶尖间隙的准确分析与合理设计对改善发动机性能有重要意义。对叶尖间隙的影响因素进行了详细分析,并指出在总体结构初步设计中,涡轮叶尖间隙分析和设计需要重点考虑的载荷因素;给出采用NX-NASTRAN进行间隙计算的求解方法和详细步骤;以某大涵道比发动机低压涡轮的间隙分析为例,给出详细的求解过程,求解得到低压涡轮在地面起飞状态等8个工况下间隙变化值为-0.4~1.1 mm,并指出间隙初始值的确定应当主要考虑设计点状态、起飞状态和地面慢车状态。     

Influence of measure-density on combustor characteristics

The apparatus of scan measurement was used to gather the temperature pattern at the combustor outlet,where the average working temperature of gas was about 1700Kand the maximum temperature was about 1 950K.Consequently,the measurement part was cooled by water or air.Usually,for intermittent measurement devices,the interval of circle angel could be changed to get a high-density temperature distribution.A continuous measurement manner was adopted to get point in circle.The angle between two measurepoints was 1.286°.The annular combustor outlet was about 40to 50mm in height,where 5or 6measure points were usually arranged.In this device,10measure points were arranged in a range of 45.5mm.Four thermocouples were arranged in circle to obtain 2 800measure-points of the temperature field in a single experiment.Data were drawn from the whole datasheet at intervals.Each group of data whose number decreased in turn,included temperature points of 2 800,1 400,700,and 350,respectively.Several groups of temperature distributions with different densities were established.Subsequently,data processing was conducted to calculate the main combustor characteristics,including arithmetic or integral average temperature,OTDF(overall temperature distribution factor)and RTDF(radial temperature distribution factor).It is found that the data from different groups with different measuring densities result in significant difference on the combustor characteristics.The veracity of temperature characteristics increases with the growing measure-density.     

Improved uncertainty propagation method of dynamic model for Mars entry spacecraft

In order to research the uncertainty propagation laws of Mars entry dynamic equations for the Mars entry phase,an improved method was presented for analyzing the effect of the initial state uncertainties and uncertainty factor on the system state in the state trajectories.When applying the method to the entry phase of one of the NASA Mars exploration missions,the simulation results agreed well with the Monte Carlo method,especially the flight path angle simulation at least reaching 92%.It is found that the improved method can not only predict the uncertainty propagation laws with high accuracy of at least 92%in flight path angle simulation and large application scope from-0.1degree to 0.1degree,compared with local linearization method,but also save several hours relative to Monte Carlo method.     

取样密度对燃烧室试验测量结果的影响

在航空发动机和燃气轮机燃烧室部件试验中,取样密度会对燃烧室出口温度测量结果产生影响,如果取样密度过小,会造成燃烧室出口温度测量值与"实际值"之间偏离度过大。基于此,对3种燃烧室的试验数据进行了分析。同时将试验采集到的"高取样密度"的原始数据沿圆周方向进行均匀"拆分","拆分后"得到不同密度的"低取样密度"数据,将该数据与原始"高取样密度"试验数据的分析结果进行了对比,得出了取样密度与测量偏离度之间的关系,并给出了满足工程研制需要的取样密度。     

限制域、预混气初始温度对多孔介质表面火焰熄火特性的影响

为了对基于多孔介质表面火焰的微型燃烧室技术进行优化设计,以甲烷/空气预混气为研究对象,针对不同的限制域、预混气初始温度,开展了多孔介质表面火焰熄火特性实验研究.实验结果表明:在石英玻璃限制域下,多孔介质表面火焰可以维持在0.188~0.436m/s的低预混气速度下,速度升高容易发生推举和吹熄;而限制域的长度未产生影响作用;随着预混气初始温度从293K升高至550K,多孔介质表面火焰的熄火速度极限得以提高.当量比为1.0时,预混气熄火速度从293K的1.176m/s增加至550K的2.678m/s,并存在不同斜率的上升过程,而初始温度对熄火本质没有影响.     

航空发动机高压转子的结构动力学设计方法

建立了航空发动机高压转子的动力学模型,该模型包含所有的结构动力学设计参数,揭示了设计参数与转子振动特性间的关系,提出了转子临界转速界值的估计方法,并予以理论证明.建立了分别基于两阶临界响应的支承刚度设计准则.发现了转子参数临界转速现象,在参数临界转速处,阻尼器将失去阻尼作用,振动趋于无穷大;给出了参数临界转速出现的条件,上述的结论对于航空发动机高压转子的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

光子晶体光纤陀螺仪关键技术研究及进展

光子晶体光纤具有辐照不敏感、热敏感度低等特点,可以显著增强光纤陀螺仪的空间环境适应性,并有利于减小光纤陀螺重量、尺寸和功耗。本文分析了光子带隙型光子晶体光纤和折射率导引型光子晶体光纤的特点,详细阐述了光子晶体光纤陀螺仪的原理、关键技术及国内外进展。     

Numerical investigation of windage heating within shrouded rotor-stator cavity system with central inflow

The rotating disk surface temperature rise due to windage heating effect by numerically modeling the turbulent flow within a rotor-stator cavity which is available with a peripheral shroud and imposed through airflow was dealt with. The windage heating may be defined as viscous friction heating caused by relative velocity differences across the boundary layers between the fluid and the rotating disk surface. The kinetic energy dissipation process could transform the rotating shaft power into thermal heating. Commercial finite volume based solver, ANSYS/CFX was employed to numerically simulate this physical process by using the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. CFD results include the rotating disk surface temperature axial distribution and tangential velocity distribution of the fluid domain. The velocity difference between the result obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments and CFD simulation are within 5%. The adiabatic disk temperature rise can be calculated by the tangential velocity of disk and fluid in large gap ratio and turbulent parameter. CFD temperature distribution results and those estimated via velocity differences are within 10%.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金大进给铣削切削力与切削温度的试验研究

采用可转位涂层硬质合金刀具对Ti6Al4V钛合金进行了大进给铣削试验,研究分析了大进给铣削Ti6Al4V钛合金时每齿进给量、切削速度、轴向切深以及径向切深等切削参数对切削力和切削温度的影响。研究结果表明,随着每齿进给量和轴向切深的增加,切削力均呈现增大的趋势,而切削速度和径向切深对削力的影响并不明显;随着每齿进给量和切削速度的提高,切削温度亦呈现升高的趋势。     

高性能抗氧化SmCo高温永磁材料

航空航天及现代工业高技术领域对使用温度达到500℃的永磁材料提出了明确需求。SmCo永磁材料因其高的居里温度、强的磁晶各向异性和高的饱和磁化强度成为现有永磁材料中高温永磁材料的首选。然而,商用的2∶17型SmCo合金因其高的矫顽力温度系数使其最大工作温度不超过300℃。本文重点研究了2∶17型SmCo高温永磁材料、1∶7型纳米晶SmCo高温永磁材料以及SmCo高温永磁材料的抗氧化行为;研制出了可以在500℃及550℃应用的2∶17型SmCo高温永磁体;获得了具有各向异性的1∶7型纳米晶SmCo磁体;1∶7型纳米晶SmCo永磁材料在500℃具有良好的结构和磁性能时效稳定性;合金化和表面改性显著提高了SmCo磁体的高温抗氧化能力。