回流焊温度曲线热容研究

本文全面的分析了回流焊温度曲线在回流焊工艺中的作用，回流焊工艺的工艺特点、影响回流焊温度曲线的各种因素。如何从热容的思想建立回流焊温度曲线的方法？如何调整温度曲线通过控制温度曲线改善工艺过程，减少回流焊工艺的缺陷？     

Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide

The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol⁻¹ or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO₂] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO₂]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO₂] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO₂] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO₂] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO₂. Elevated [CO₂] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO₂] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO₂ than at 1500 ppm CO₂. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO₂ enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO₂] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO₂] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO₂] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO₂-grown plants, both elevated CO₂ levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO₂] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO₂ on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO₂ levels.     

并发式软件系统横切关注点的建模方法

基于面向侧面技术及统一建模语言状态图提出了并发式软件系统开发过程中横切特性的建模方法.该方法将并发软件系统的业务逻辑和横切行为分别封装到复合状态的不同正交区域中,并通过事件广播机制反映二者的交互关系.同时,以模块化的状态迁移系统作为基本计算模型,对该建模方法进行形式化描述,给出了模型元素及建模过程的精确语义.实例研究表明,该方法在并发软件设计阶段实现了横切关注点的分离策略,并使得系统模型具有松耦合、适应性和可跟踪性的优点.     

电极面型对横向激励高气压CO2激光器放电的影响

计算并讨论了均匀场电极中电极板安装结构、电极板厚度对实际电场分布影响。计算表明在基本参数类似的条件下,近罗可夫斯基电极表面电场强度具有17%的非均匀性,但在垂直放电方向的对称面上却有更好的均匀性。对放电区辉光的时间积分照片和像增强型CCD相机记录的瞬态照片进行了分析,结果表明:电极表面的电场强度分布,仅对放电的初始发展具有影响,而放电区中央的电场分布以及预电离强度,对最终放电区的均匀性具有决定性的影响。     

基于UML的电子商务系统设计

随着互连网的日益普及 ,越来越深刻而广泛地影响到人们生活的方方面面。电子商务作为互连网世界中的一颗璀璨的明珠 ,将从根本上改变几千年来形成的传统商业模式 ,充分体现现代科学技术给人们生活带来的便利。UML是一种定义良好 ,易于表达 ,功能强大 ,且适应广泛的建模语言。文章介绍了UML定义的 5类、共10种模型图 ,给出了构建电子商务系统的步骤 ,对其应用进行了评价和展望。     

Propagation of interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere

This paper is devoted to the study of propagation of disturbances caused by interplanetary shocks (IPS) through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using simultaneous observations of various fast forward shocks by different satellites in the solar wind, magnetosheath and magnetosphere from 1995 till 2002, we traced the interplanetary shocks into the Earth’s magnetosphere, we calculated the velocity of their propagation into the Earth’s magnetosphere and analyzed fronts of the disturbances. From the onset of disturbances at different satellites in the magnetosphere we obtained speed values ranging from 500 to 1300 km/s in the direction along the IP shock normal, that is in a general agreement with results of previous numerical MHD simulations. The paper discusses in detail a sequence of two events on November 9th, 2002. For the two cases we estimated the propagation speed of the IP shock caused disturbance between the dayside and nightside magnetosphere to be 590 km/s and 714–741 km/s, respectively. We partially attributed this increase to higher Alfven speed in the outer magnetosphere due to the compression of the magnetosphere as a consequence of the first event, and partially to the faster and stronger driving interplanetary shock. High-time resolution GOES magnetic field data revealed a complex structure of the compressional wave fronts at the dayside geosynchronous orbit during these events, with initial very steep parts (10 s). We discuss a few possible mechanisms of such steep front formation in the paper.     

UML在软件可靠性测试数据自动生成中的运用

为了自动生成实时嵌入式软件的可靠性测试数据,利用UML(统一建模语言)提供的建模机 制,从软件可靠性测试的角度建立use-case剖面、接口模型和测试数据实现模型,然后根 据 这些模型的描述进行随机抽样,自动生成可靠性测试数据.利用该方法能够开发出相应的测 试数据自动生成工具,在软件可靠性测试领域有着较大的实用价值.     

基于任务段的航空发动机载荷谱聚类方法

针对航空发动机飞行任务剖面分类问题,对发动机31个飞行任务剖面进行了聚类分析。选取飞行高度和飞行马赫数作为划分飞行任务剖面的参数, 依据其对应的飞行任务段均值生成聚类散点图,将剖面类型划分为5大类。结果表明:低空低速剖面在无量纲飞行高度为0~0.2、飞行马赫数为0.4~0.6区间,均值最低;高空高速剖面在无量纲飞行高度为1.2~2.2、飞行马赫数为1.0~1.8区间,均值最高;飞行任务剖面在无量纲飞行高度为0.2~1.2、飞行马赫数为0.6~1.0区间内最为集中;针对散点密集区域,可依据剖面特征进一步划分剖面类型;不同剖面间,飞行高度与飞行马赫数差异性强,利于剖面划分,而法向过载与转速差异性小,不利于剖面的划分。所提出的方法可以快速有效的对航空发动机飞行任务剖面进行聚类分析。      

弧线齿面齿轮齿面几何设计及径向齿宽特性

为适应航空领域对面齿轮传动的设计要求,综合弧线齿圆柱齿轮、面齿轮传动的各项优点,提出了弧线齿面齿轮齿面设计并研究了其径向齿宽特性。以端面渐开线齿廓弧线齿圆柱齿轮作为产形齿轮通过包络成形建立面齿轮齿面数学模型;结合齿面方程在MATLAB中进行齿面可视化分析,并通过MATLAB软件的数值计算和CATIA软件的复杂曲面造型实现面齿轮的参数化建模;确立内端根切、外端顶尖对径向有效齿宽的限制条件,计算面齿轮的径向有效齿宽,分析刀具齿轮的齿线圆弧半径和坐标系位置参数对径向有效齿宽的影响。研究表明:当增大齿线的圆弧半径,面齿轮的内径减小,外径、径向有效齿宽均增大;当增大坐标系位置参数,面齿轮的内径、外径均增大,径向有效齿宽减小。      

大涵道比风扇设计技术发展趋势

风扇部件是民用涡扇发动机关键部件之一,自20世纪60年代以来在气动设计等方面发生了显著变化,其发展支撑了民机的更新换代。对民机风扇叶片的发展历史进行了回顾,对典型设计特征和参数进行了总结。着重介绍了民机风扇叶片的叶片数、叶尖切线速度、气动叶型设计、降噪设计、材料工艺等发展变化,对其内在原因进行了分析,并评述了其发展趋势。